Equipment
What is an ECG and what does it measure?
Electrocardiogram, measures electroconductivity of the heart
What does CPCR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation
Elevation and stretching of the neck out and abducting the forelimb describes what respiratory distress sign?
Orthopnea
What is the primary goal of fluid therapy in veterinary emergency medicine?
Replacing volume deficits and maintaining appropriate hydration
Feline blood types:
Type A, B, & AB
Brick red MM usually indicate
Septic shock
What is a normal rhythm as indicated on an ECG referred to as?
Normal sinus rhythm
Which plant toxicity specifically causes acute renal failure in cats and requires immediate aggressive fluid therapy?
Lily (Lilium species)
The nerve that controls both the menace and corneal reflexes while maintaining facial symmetry is the
Facial nerve
Which patient population is most commonly affected by urethral plugs?
Male cats
Which sequence correctly orders these conditions from highest to lowest priority?
Spinal injury, closed compound fracture, chronic diseases
A defibrillator should only be used when:
the heart in fibrillating
In which position should most animals be placed for CPCR?
Right lateral recumbency
Why would a thoracentesis be preformed?
to remove air or fluid from the pleural cavity
One thing to consider when choosing fluids for emergency fluid therapy is how quickly the fluid is absorbed into the body’s. With crystalloid only ______ % is left in the intravascular space after 30 minutes
25%
In order to be considered Fresh Whole Blood (FWB) the initial collection must be within
8 HOURS
During what stage of shock is causing insufficient blood flow to brain and heart?
Early decompensatory
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most common in...?
Male cats
An owner calls saying he saw his dog playing with a toad and is now excessively drooling, what would you instruct him to do over the phone before bringing him in?
Flush the mouth out pointing rostrally with a hose
During what reflex will the opposite eye’s pupil constrict when shining a light in one eye?
Consensual pupillary light reflex
What is a key dietary recommendation for cats following urinary obstruction?
Canned food to increase water intake
Which burn degree extends through the dermis?
Third degree
What does the pulse oximeter measure?
Saturation of hemoglobin and Pulse Rate
What is the recommended compression rate per minute in CPCR?
100-120 compressions per minute
Room air is approximately which percentage oxygen?
20-22%
A veterinary patient presents with dry mucous membranes and a prolonged skin tent. What percentage of dehydration would this most likely indicate?
8-10%
Which blood type is considered the universal donor in dogs?
DEA 1.1 negative
When type of shock would not benefit from fluid therapy
Cardiogenic shock
What is the primary characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Thin walls with enlarged heart chambers
In cases of xylitol ingestion, what is the primary immediate concern?
Rapid hypoglycemia
Which cranial nerve is responsible for both the gag reflex and laryngeal reflex, and when stimulated, produces effects similar to the parasympathetic nervous system?
Vagus nerve
What is the maximum acceptable time interval between puppy deliveries during normal labor?
3 hours
When transporting a patient with a suspected spinal injury, it is important to secure the animal on a ___, keeping the back and neck straight
Gurney/flat surface
Which vital sign monitoring device is most effective for assessing tissue perfusion and cardiovascular function through measuring systolic and diastolic pressures?
Blood pressure monitor
What is the recommended rate of ventilation for CPCR?
What is “flail chest”?
Segment of fractured ribs that moves independently of respirations
A patient presents to your clinic, you note that the patients CRT is 1.5 seconds, is BAR, has a mildly decrease skin turgor and Pink MM that are slightly tacky. What percentage dehydrated do you believe this patient to be?
5-8%
What is the primary indication for using Fresh Whole Blood (FWB) in transfusion medicine?
Patients needing multiple components simultaneously
During what stage of shock is the body trying to preserve its vital organs?
Compensatory phase
What is a critical complication of shock that often proves fatal?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
What is the emetic of choice in Felines?
Xylazine
A patient presents to the clinic with rigid forelimbs and flaccid hind limbs; the patient is mentally quiet, alert, and responsive. This posture is referred to as:
Schiff-sherrington
Which of the following is NOT a maternal cause of dystocia?
Fetal malposition
In treating acute glaucoma, what is the primary therapeutic goal?
Lowering intraocular pressure
Which of the following monitoring Equipment is used to measurement carbon dioxide concentration in the respiratory gas?
Capnograph
What is the recommended peak airway pressure during ventilation in CPCR?
≤ 15 cm H₂O
In oxygen supplementation therapy, what is the primary advantage of using an oxygen cage?
Ability to control temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels
List the signs of fluid overload:
Edema, Cough, Increased respiratory rate, Serous nasal discharge, Restlessness, Vomiting/diarrhea, Pulmonary edema or pleural effusion
DOUBLE POINTS (1000)
List ALL canine blood types
DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, DEA 3, DEA 4 , DEA 7
Heatstroke will lead to which type of shock?
distributive shock
Which condition is characterized by fluid accumulation around the heart that can lead to cardiac tamponade?
Pericardial disease
Which toxin requires vitamin K1 as the specific antidote and needs prolonged treatment?
Warfarin-based rodenticides
You discover “Petunia” in cage 4 in lateral recumbency, flaccid muscles, and a “thousand mile stare”. The DVM orders diazepam. Why?
The patient is experiencing atonic absence seizure activity
During urinary catheterization, what is a critical monitoring parameter?
Urine output every 2-4 hours
What is the recommended time frame for replacing fluid deficits in DKA patients?
48 hours