A neutral stimulus being paired with an unconditioned stimulus resulting in an unconditioned response; the NS becoming a CS that causes a CR describes the procedure and result of this.
What is respondent conditioning?
This schedule involves reinforcement being given only after a certain number of responses have occurred in a specific time.
What is fixed-ratio with a limited hold?
Classical or Pavlovian are other names for this type of conditioning.
What is respondent conditioning?
A behaviour that has been intermittently reinforced is harder to extinguish is a difference between the effects of intermittent reinforcement and this.
What is continuous reinforcement?
This is a response in which a stimulus causes an unlearned or conditioned response, like flinching when someone scares you.
This schedule of reinforcement is when reinforcement is given after only one response, but the response must be completed at an unpredictable time (like reaction time drills).
What is variable interval with a limited hold?
A stimulus being presented immediately after a behaviour and increasing the frequency of that behaviour is the procedure and result of this.
What is positive reinforcement?
Reinforcement is introduced only after a certain number of responses.
What is fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
Suppose that a child hears loud barking from a dog, hidden behind a car, and several seconds later the dog appears in view to the child (but the dog has not been barking for several seconds before appearing). Is that sequence likely to cause the child to fear the sight of a dog? Explain why or why not based on one of the variables that influences the development of a conditioned reflex.
It is not likely to cause the child to fear the sight of a dog because there are several seconds between sound and sight (variable 2) and the dog was not seen when barking, not will dogs always bark when the child sees them.
This is a reinforcer that is manipulated to change behaviour, like a monetary prize for winning a fight.
What is a deliberately-programmed reinforcer?
This is a stimulus that wasn't originally reinforcing but becomes so after being paired with reinforcers.
What is a conditioned reinforcer?
A reinforcer happening immediately following a behaviour has this type of effect.
What is a direct effect?
What is respondent extinction?
Also known as negative reinforcement, this is the removal of an aversive stimulus after a response, thus strengthening the response.
What is escape conditioning?
NS, US, UR, CS, and CR stand for these, respectively.
What are neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response?
What is variable-ratio?
This is a response in which a stimulus causes a response because that stimulus was paired with a separate stimulus that caused the same response.
What is a conditioned reflex?
In this type of conditioning, we learn behaviours that allow us to flee from a negative situation that has already occurred.
What is escape conditioning?
Pavlovian conditioning relies on these while operant conditioning relies on these.
What are reflexes and consequences of behaviour?
These are the four categories of punishers.
What are physical punishment, reprimand, timeout, and response cost?
A CS is more effective at causing a CR if it is always paired with a US is a variable that influences the development of this.
What is a conditioned reflex?
In this type of conditioning, we learn behaviours that prevent negative events from occurring.
What is avoidance conditioning?
This schedule of reinforcement is when reinforcement is given after a behaviour has been completed for a certain amount of time.
What is fixed-duration?
This type of conditioning is voluntary, and this type is reflexive.
What are operant and respondent conditioning?
This involves removing the reinforcer of a previously reinforced behaviour that decreases in frequency once a reinforcer is removed.
What is operant extinction?