Darwin
What's the hypothesis Charles Darwin is known for and what does it refer to?
Descent with modification by natural selection. The better the traits the more likely you are to survive and reproduce more organisms with that trait!
The different layers of rock and sediment are referred to as what?`
Strata
False! If alleles spread then two different populations will slowly possess more similar allele frequencies
Epigamic selection refers to what?
True or False. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase both need a primer to initiate transcription
False! RNA polymerase does not need a primer however it does use a promoter!
True or False: Natural selection allows for individuals to evolve over time
Habitat fragmentation is an example of what evolutionary evidence?
Biogeography
True or False. The bottleneck effect occurs when a few individuals move to a new habitat and begin a new population
False! That would be the founder effect. The bottleneck effect is when a random event decreases the size of the population and reduces gene pool size
Why are female organisms typically more picky about who they mate with?
The cost of eggs is extremely expensive as they go through pregnancy and parental care needed to raise children. As a result they want to ensure only the best genes get passed to their offspring.
What are the 3 steps or parts of termination in protein translation?
1. Release factor when the A site reaches a stop codon
2. Release factor protein promotes more release factors
3. The ribosomal components ie. RNA polymerase fall apart
What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?
Artificial selection is the intentional breeding of organisms for specific traits whereas natural selection is driven by environmental pressures
What are some embryonic homologous traits that many vertebrae have?
Pharyngeal pouches and tails
In a environment with long grass, stripe coat patterns are heavily selected for against solid colors. This is an example of what kind of selection?
Directional selection as it leans towards amplifying one phenotype.
Why do males and females have opposite interests?
Females enjoy mating with multiple males in order to increase genetic diversity. Males however solely want their genes passed down.
t-RNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for carrying amino acids to ribosomes for what?
Protein synthesis!
What did Charles Darwin observe that led to the inference that individuals whose traits give them an advantage in surviving leave more offspring?
He observed that members of a population often vary inherited traits
Ex. Color variation
A snake having leg bones which are buried in their muscle serve as an example of what kind of structure?
Vestigial structures!
An insertion mutation adds a codon (3 nucleotides) to the chain. Does this cause a frameshift mutation?
No! While a new amino acid may be coded, a frameshift mutation does not occur as it was added a multiple of 3, so all other amino acids are read appropriately.
When female preference evolved, males started leaning towards attractive traits and disregarding survival in order to prioritize passing down genes and finding a mate.
In the p-site the tRNA is bound and attached to what?
A polypeptide chain
Give an example of natural selection in action?
1. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
2.The diversification of finches on the Galapagos
A bonobo has a genetic sequence of ATT ACG GCC TGG
A gorilla has a genetic sequence of ATT AGC GCC TGG
A human has a genetic sequence of ATG AGC GGC TGA
Is the human or gorilla closer related to the bonobo
The gorilla! It's genetic sequence is close to the bonobo!
When natural selection maintains a stable ratio/frequency for two or more phenotypes in a population is referred to as what kind of selection?
Balancing Selection
Blue footed boobies are an example of what hypothesis?
The handicap hypothesis in which having genetically expensive traits shows they have high quality genes!
mRNA is responsible for what?
Encoding amino acids