Airway and Respiratory
What is the normal respiration rate for a newborn (0-1 month)?
15-30 breaths per minute
10-20 breaths per minute
40-60 breaths per minute
100-180 breaths per minute
40-60
An adult patient presents with uncontrollable involuntary movements, progressive cognitive decline, and mood disturbances resulting from degeneration of brain neurons. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Parkinson's disease
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Huntington's disease
Muscular dystrophy
Huntington Disease
What is the primary reason a paramedic administers Narcan to a patient?
That the patient is actually on narcotics
The mental state and attitude of the patient when the narcotic is reversed
The potential for vomiting to cause aspiration
Reversing critical symptoms to stabilize the patient
Reversing critical symptoms to stabilize the patient
A diabetic patient is exhibiting kussmaul respirations during a diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) episode. What physiological purpose does this breathing pattern serve?
Kussmaul respirations are the result of sympathetic nervous system overstimulation and do not serve a corrective purpose.
Kussmaul respirations help the body reduce acidity by expelling carbon dioxide through deep, rapid breathing.
Kussmaul respirations help increase oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues during hypoglycemia.
Kussmaul respirations are the body's mechanism to compensate for respiratory acidosis.
Kussmaul respirations help the body reduce acidity by expelling carbon dioxide through deep, rapid breathing.
60BPM
A 70-year-old male with a history of chronic bronchitis presents with increased shortness of breath, wheezing, and a non-productive cough.
He is sitting in a tripod position. His vital signs are: heart rate 110 bpm, respiratory rate 32 breaths per minute, and SpO2 89% on room air.
What is the primary pathophysiological process causing his respiratory distress?
Alveolar collapse due to surfactant deficiency
Hyperventilation due to anxiety
Pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure
Increased airway resistance due to bronchoconstriction and inflammation
Increased airway resistance due to bronchoconstriction and inflammation
Prehospital administration of aspirin is considered for suspected stroke patients primarily for which purpose?
Prevent new clot formation and reduce platelet aggregation
Dissolve an existing clot
Reduce cerebral edema
Lower blood pressure rapidly
Prevent new clot formation and reduce platelet aggregation
What is a toxidrome
A specific constellation of clinical signs and symptoms—physical exam findings, vital signs, and mental status changes—that indicate a particular class of poisonous or toxic substance
Which pancreatic cells are responsible for producing and secreting glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels?
Cells in the posterior pituitary
Delta cells
Beta cells
Alpha cells
Alpha Cells
What is the mechanism of action of Atropine?
Inhibits acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites
You are assisting with the intubation of a 6-month-old infant. Which anatomical feature of the pediatric airway is most critical to consider during endotracheal intubation?
The cricoid cartilage is the narrowest part of the airway.
The trachea is longer and more rigid.
The vocal cords are the narrowest part of the airway.
The epiglottis is firm and horseshoe-shaped.
Cricoid Cartilage is the narrowest part of the airway
A 60-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation on warfarin presents with a sudden onset of left-sided weakness and aphasia. His family states he has been taking his medication as prescribed. His blood pressure is 170/95 mmHg, and his heart rate is irregularly irregular at 110 bpm. He has a FAST-ED stroke scale score of 4.
What is the most critical consideration for his prehospital management?
Notifying the receiving facility of his condition and medication use, and transporting as a stroke alert
Managing his blood pressure with medication to prevent a hemorrhagic conversion
Expediting transport to the nearest hospital, regardless of stroke center status
Administering aspirin to prevent further clot formation
Notifying the receiving facility of his condition and medication use, and transporting as a stroke alert
What is the antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose
Flumazanil
In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the body begins to break down fats for energy due to a lack of insulin, leading to the production of which substances?
Amino acids
Ketone bodies
Lactic acid
Uric acid
Ketone bodies
What is the most important adverse effect to remember when administering Succinylcholine?
Malignant Hyperthermia
A 45-year-old male presents with a history of asthma exacerbation. He is experiencing severe dyspnea, wheezing, and a prolonged expiratory phase.
Which of the following best describes the underlying pathophysiology?
Pulmonary edema due to increased capillary permeability
Increased airway resistance due to bronchoconstriction and mucus plugging
Pleural effusion causing lung compression
Alveolar collapse due to surfactant deficiency
Increased airway resistance due to bronchoconstriction and mucus plugging
A 68-year-old female with a history of hypertension is found unresponsive at home. Her husband reports she suddenly collapsed 15 minutes ago. She has snoring respirations and is flaccid on the right side. Pupils are unequal (left pupil dilated and unresponsive). Vital signs are: BP 220/120 mmHg, HR 50 bpm (irregular), RR 10 bpm, SpO, 88% on room air. Her fingerstick blood glucose is 110 mg/dL. What are the most appropriate immediate interventions for this patient?
Select the three answer options that are correct.
Assist ventilations with a BVM with supplemental oxygen
Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees
Administer mannitol 1 gram/kg IV
Prepare for rapid transport to a comprehensive stroke center
Administer labetalol 10 mg IV
Obtain a 12 lead ECG
Assist ventilations with a BVM with supplemental oxygen
Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees
Prepare for rapid transport to a comprehensive stroke center
In Acetaminophen overdose what is the primary organ that is affected
Liver
A 55-year-old female with a history of adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) complains of severe, generalized weakness, abdominal pain, and nausea.She is hypotensive and tachycardic. Vitals are BP 80/50 mmHg, HR 125 bpm. Her medical alert bracelet states she has Addison's disease. A 12-lead EKG shows sinus tachycardia with narrow, peaked T waves.
What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
Sepsis
Adrenal crisis
Stroke
Hypoglycemia
Adrenal Crisis
Patient has Ventricular Tachycardia and is stable with all stable vital signs. What medication will be administered and how will it be administered?
Amiodarone
150mg IV drip over 10 minutes mixed into a 100mL bag of NS
A 32-year-old male is found unresponsive with pinpoint pupils and severely depressed respirations. You suspect an opioid overdose.
What is the most appropriate initial intervention, and what trend would you expect to observe in end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO,) monitoring?
Perform endotracheal intubation; expect a gradual decrease in EtCO2
Administer activated charcoal; expect no change in EtCO2
Provide assisted ventilation; expect a decrease in EtCO2 as ventilation improvesAdminister naloxone immediately; expect a rapid increase in EtCO2
Provide assisted ventilation; expect a decrease in EtCO2 as ventilation improves
Which cranial nerves play a role in swallowing?
Select the three answer options that are correct.
X
IVV
II
III
VII
X
V
VII
What is the antidote for Lithium overdose?
Dialysis
What hormones are produced by the Anterior Pituitary Gland
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Prolactin
Endorphins
Growth Hormone (GH)
Dopamine
Desired Dose: 5mcg
Patient: 180lbs
Drop set: 60gtts
Total Amount of Mediation: 400mg
Total amount of Volume in Bag: 250mL
15.33gtts/min
0.25gtts/sec