Latin America & South America in 1945

Leaders and Politics

100

• He was elected president of Venezuela in 1998 and launched the “Bolivarian Revolution.”

Who is Hugo Chavez?

200

• In 1959, this revolutionary overthrew Fulgencio Batista to take power in Cuba.

Who is Fidel Castro?

300

• This Argentine president and former First Lady returned to politics and served as vice president beginning in 2019.

Who is Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner?

400

• This military general ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990 after a U.S.-backed coup.

Who were the Augusto Pinochet?

500

• This Nicaraguan revolutionary group overthrew the Somoza dictatorship in 1979.

• What is the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN)?

Foreign Influence

100

• This global power often supported anti-communist regimes in Latin America during the Cold War.

What is the United States?

200

• The CIA was involved in the 1954 coup that removed this Guatemalan president from power.

• Who is Jacobo Árbenz?

300

• In the 1980s, the U.S. funded this right-wing rebel group fighting the Sandinistas in Nicaragua.

Who are the Contras?

400

• This 1961 program, launched by President Kennedy, aimed to improve U.S. relations with Latin America.

What is the Alliance for Progress?

500

• U.S. economic and political influence led to the term “banana republic” after interventions in countries like this one, home of the United Fruit Company.

What is Honduras?

Movement and Social Change

100

• Many Latin American countries transitioned from military dictatorships to this form of government during the 1980s and 1990s.

What is democracy?

200

• This revolutionary figure’s image became a global symbol of rebellion, though he was killed in Bolivia in 1967.

Who is Che Guevara?

300

• In 2019, massive protests in this South American country led to the resignation of President Evo Morales.

What is Bolivia?

400

• This term describes mass movements of poor workers seeking land and justice in Brazil.
   

What is the Landless Workers’ Movement (MST)?

500

• In 1994, this indigenous group in Chiapas, Mexico, staged an uprising the same day NAFTA took effect.

• Who are the Zapatistas (EZLN)?

Economics and Reform

100

• In the 1980s, many Latin American countries faced a massive crisis involving this type of economic burden.

What is debt?

200

• Brazil’s massive anti-poverty program launched in 2003 under Lula da Silva was called this.

What is Bolsa Familia?

300

• This term describes the 1980s in Latin America due to slow economic growth and inflation.

What is the “Lost Decade”?

400

• In 1994, Mexico joined the U.S. and Canada in this free trade agreement.

What is NAFTA?

500

• This economic philosophy, promoted by the “Chicago Boys,” influenced free-market reforms in Chile under Pinochet.

What is neoliberalism?

Conflicts

100

• This country saw a 1976–1983 military dictatorship known for its “Dirty War.”

What is Argentina?

200

• Operation Condor was a coordinated effort by dictatorships in South America to eliminate political opponents. It was backed by this global superpower.

What is the United States?

300

• A 2009 coup in this Central American country ousted President Manuel Zelaya

What is Honduras?

400

• This civil war, lasting from 1980 to 1992, left over 75,000 dead in a small Central American country.

What is the Salvadoran Civil War?

500

• In 1965, U.S. Marines intervened in this Caribbean nation to prevent a perceived communist takeover.

What is the Dominican Republic?