Meds for Dyslipidemia
What teaching would you provide regarding administration if it is a short acting statin?
take it at night
Why should AEDs not be abruptly discontinued?
Increased risk of withdrawal seizures/status epilepticus
First line for acute bronchospasm?
First line for asthma prevention?
acute: inhaled beta agonist (albuterol) or inhaled corticosteroid with formeterol
prevention: inhaled corticosteroids
thiazide diuretics- adverse effects and any teaching needed
AE: hypokalemia, hypotension, dehydration, hyponatremia, uremia
Teaching: take early in the day, monitor for symptoms of hypokalemia, maintain water intake
Which drug class needs to be taken on an empty stomach 20-30 min before breakfast? H2 antagonist or PPIs.
What is the prototype drug for your answer?
PPIs
Protoype: omeprazole
Common adverse effect of niacin and how it can be reduced.
Intense flushing and hot flashes
- take ASA 30 min before
Treatment for status epilepticus
What is IV benzos
oxygen
What are the 3 reasons aerosol is a popular form of drug delivery for lower respiratory disorders
1. act directly on the lungs
2. act quickly
3. less adverse effects
potassium sparing diuretics: adverse effects
hyperkalemia, diminished libido, ED, menstrual irregularities
How does sucralfate work and what are the adverse effects?
MOA: creates a gel in the stomach that coats the injured area and protects it.
Side effects: constipation (most common), nausea, dyspepsia
MOA of fabric acid drugs and therapeutic use?
MOA: activates lipoprotein lipase which breakdown and eliminates triglycerides
Use: preferred drug for hypertriglyceridemia (often combined with a statin for greater reduction in triglycerides)
Most serious adverse effect of dantrolene and who has the greatest risk for it
What is hepatic toxicity/hepatotoxic death?
AFAB, over 35, taking estrogen
Adverse effects, and teaching of inhaled corticosteroids?
Adverse effects: hoarseness, sore throat, dry mouth, oral candidiasis. Long term use can cause decreased growth in kids and osteoporosis in adults.
Teaching: rinse mouth after using, take Calcium and vitamin D (adults). Need to take this daily for it to work
loop diuretics : adverse effects
AE: hypokalemia, hypotension, ototoxicity, dehydration, hyponatremia
strongest we have
Serious adverse effects of alosetron and what could be a sign they are occurring?
colitis, bowel obstruction, and death
constipation is a sign
Prototype of bile acid sequestrates?
How long do you need to wait to give other meds
Cholestyramine
give other meds 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after cholestyramine
Mechanism of action of donepezil and mechanism of action of memantine.
Donepezil: Prevents breakdown of ACh by cholinesterase (it is a cholinergic so it increases ACh levels in the brain)
Memantine: NMDA receptor antagonist so it blocks MNDA receptors which reduces glutamate)
MOA of intranasal decongestants and teaching needed?
MOA: activates alpha 1 receptors in the nose (vasoconstriction in the nose leads to shrinking of swollen mucus membranes)
teaching: discontinue after 3 to 5 days to avoid rebound congestion
beta blockers: what is the difference of selective versus nonselective?
selective only affect beta 1 and can be given to people with COPD and asthma
What is important to teach patients about the administration of psyllium?
Take with a full glass of water
Common adverse effects of statins?
Severe adverse effects of statins and nursing considerations?
Common: GI effects (flatulence, abdominal pain, cramps, N/V, constipation)
Severe: liver failure (monitor LFTs), myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (monitor CK levels and discontinue if any muscle or joint pain)
what are the serious adverse effects of valproic acid?
liver toxicity
box warning for potentially fatal hepatotoxicity and neural tube defects
Drug class and common adverse effects of albuterol
class: SABA (short acting beta agonist)
adverse effects: tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, tremors
Name the first line meds for hypertension
and
the first line meds for Black folks
1st line: thiazides, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, CCBs
Black folks: thiazides or CCBs
Prototype for H2 antagonists and food/drug interactions
Prototype: cemetidine
interactions: antacids (give an hr before or 2 hrs after) and cigarettes (smoking decreases effectiveness)