Carbohydrates
1. What elements make up carbohydrates?
2. What are carbohydrates used for?
1. Carbon&Hydrogen&Oxygen
2. Energy and structure
2. Which elements are mostly used?
1. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
2. Carbon and Hydrogen
What elements make up Proteins?
1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen 4. Nitrogen
What elements make up Nucleic Acids?
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
What does mono mean?
What does di mean?
What does poly mean?
one
two
three+ (technically it's 10+)
The different groups of carbohydrates are called _____ and they are in order used for _____.
They are in order also known as _____.
1. Monosaccharides, 2. disaccharides, and 3. polysaccharides.
1. quick energy (monomers), 2. quick energy, 3. stored energy that is slowly released.
1. simple sugars, 2. simple sugars, 3. complex sugars
The building blocks of lipids are _____ which technically aren't ____, so lipids are not _____.
1. Glycerol & fatty acids 2. polymORS 3. polymERS
What are the building blocks of Proteins? What is their monomer?
amino acids
What are Nucleic Acids made up of and what are they used for?
They are made up of Nucleotides (monomers) and are used for storing genetic (hereditary) info and transmitting genetic (hereditary) info.
Why is carbon so special?
It can create single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds
1. Monosaccharides are how many sugars?
2. Disaccharides are how many sugars?
3. Polysaccharides are how many sugars?
1. one
2. two
3. 3+ (technically 10+)
What are the 3 different types of fats found in lipids and which 2 are closely related?
1. saturated
2. unsaturated
3. trans
4. unsaturated and trans
What are proteins used for?
1. Control & regulate chemical reactions (enzyms)
2. structural purposes (muscle & bone)
3. transportation (hemoglobin)
4. fighting disease (antibodies)
5. messengers (hormones)
What are the different groups that make up a Nucleotide?
Phosphat group (phosphorus), sugar, base (nitrogenous base) (base can change)
When individuals are paired up together, what do they form?
bonds and/or molecules
Example of a Monosaccharide:
Example of a Disaccharide:
Example of Polysaccharide:
(where are the examples found in)
1. Glucose (Blood sugar), Fructose (Fruit sugar), Galactose (Milk sugar)
2. Sucrose (Cane sugar [Glucose+Fructose]), Lactose (Milk Sugar [Galactose+Glucose]), Maltose (Two units of glucose)
3. Starch (corn, potatoes [energy storage] grains, tubers), Glycogen (animals [storage]), Cellulose (plants [structure] cell walls, long straight chains)
What shape are each type of fat and why?
Saturated: straight because they have 0 double bonds.
Unsaturated: bent because they have at least 1 double bonds.
Trans: staightish because even though they have at least 1 double bond they have hydrogen atoms on the opposite side.
What are the different parts of amino acids?
How many differnt amino acids are there?
1. amino group
2. side chain (R group) (not an element, it's a place holder, it can change)
3. general structure (carboxyl group)
20
What are two types of Nucleic acids and what are their different bases?
DNA: Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine, and Adenine
RNA: Cytosine, Uracil, Guanine, and Adenine
What are Lipids used for?
2. chemical messenger
3. component of steroids
An amino acid is like a:
A tertiary structure is like a:
A primary structure is like a:
A secondary structure is like a:
A quaternary structure is like a:
Letter
Paragraph
Word
Sentences
Book
What are two letters are always together in DNA? What are two letters are always together in RNA?
DNA: A&T
RNA: GC