Matter and Its Properties
What are the three common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
Why do water drops stay together when you try to separate them?
Attraction
How do the particles in a liquid behave?
They are in motion and can slide past one another
What happens to the red liquid inside a thermometer when its heated?
It rises faster than when its cooled
What is it called when one state of matter changes into another?
Phase change
What happens when two drops of water come into contact with each other?
The drops merge into a single larger drop because water molecules are attracted to each other.
How do particles in a solid behave? How is it different from how the particles of a liquid behave?
Why does the red liquid in a thermometer rise faster when it's heated instead of when it's cold?
More collisions between particles because the particles are moving faster.
Why do all samples of matter have mass and take up space?
Matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms and molecules) that have mass and take up space.
Why does food coloring spread throughout water without stirring?
Because water molecules are always moving.
How do gas particles behave compared to liquid and solid particles?
Gas particles move much faster and are farther apart than liquid and solid particles.
Why does a metal ball expand when heated? Explain how molecular motion and attraction affect this process.
When heated, the atoms move faster and spread apart slightly, causing the ball to expand.
Matter is made up of what? Describe thoroughly each component of matter.
Matter is made up of molecules and atoms. Molecules are atoms bonded together. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
How does temperature affect the speed of water molecules?
When you heat the molecules of water, they travel faster, and when you cool them, they become colder.
Why are particles in a solid more attracted to each other than those in a liquid or gas?
The strong attractions in a solid keep the particles fixed in place. These attractions are not easily overcome by energy, which leads to a solid having a definite shape.
Why does a wooden door sometimes become harder to open or close on a hot day?
The heat causes the wood molecules to move apart slightly, making the door expand and fit more tightly in the frame.
How does heating affect the motion of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases?
Heating increases the motion of the molecules. In solids, the particles vibrate faster and spread apart slightly. In liquids, the particles move faster and flow more easily. In gases, the particles move even faster and spread farther apart.
True or False. An increase in the temperature of water leads to an increase in its volume.
True
How do expansion joints of bridges work when experiencing very hot or very cold temperatures?
When it's cold, they move further apart, and when it's hot, they move closer together.
What is it called when a metal ball gets bigger when you heat it? What about when it's cooled and it gets smaller?
Expansion and Contraction