Week 5/DNA Repair, Replication, and Recombination
The enzyme that relieves supercoiling ahead of the replication fork by creating breaks in DNA.
Splicing removes these non-coding segments of the pre-mRNA transcript
What are introns?
Clove shaped Ribozyme
What is a tRNA molecule?
It is a type of transposable element that moves by being transcribed into an RNA copy that is converted to DNA by reverse transcriptase then inserted somewhere else
What is a nonretroviral retrotransposon?
This mechanism allows DNA polymerase to correct bases that have been mispaired immediately after they are added.
What is 3' to 5' exonucleolytic proofreading?
Regulatory DNA sequence that acts as a binding site for various transcription factors and regulatory proteins that will initiate the transcription process
What is the promoter?
Location of a usual mismatch in the mRNA codon
What is the Third position?
The principle for increasing the specificity of catalysis
Non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair this type of DNA damage.
What is double strand breaks?
The core components of the spliceosome are five small nuclear RNAs, which associate with proteins to form these RNP complexes.
What are snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)?
First translated amino acid
What is methionine?
The full 3-dimensional organization of a polypeptide chain is referred to as this
What is the tertiary structure?
Different genome regions replicate in a specific order during this phase of the cell cycle in mammal cells.
What is S phase?
A large protein complex, rich in 3′-to-5′ RNA exonucleases, that degrades incorrectly processed mRNAs and RNA debris.
What is the RNA exosome?
mRNA nucleotide sequence that guides the ribosome to start translation on a given initiation codon
What is the Kozak sequence?
To ensure the quick and orderly addition of H3-H4 tetramers and H2A-H2B dimers behind a replication fork, these specialized proteins—also known as chromatin assembly factors—are required
What are histone chaperones?
The DNA repair process that fixes double strand breaks but doesn't contribute to the high fidelity of normal DNA replication.
What is homologous recombination?
Mature mRNAs exit the nucleus by passing through these large protein structures embedded in the nuclear envelope.
What are Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs)?
Barrel shaped molecule folds improperly folded peptide
What is hsp60 chaperone, chaperonin?
It is a display of a full set of chromosomes that is arranged in order of size, shape, and number
What is the karyotype?