Chapter 16
What is a population (people)?
A group of individuals of the same species that inter-breed.
What did Godfrey Hardy and Wilhem Weinburg work with?
The laws of population genetics
What do Fossil Records provide?
They provide evidence about the history of life on earth; also shows how different groups of organisms, like species have changed over time
What did Alexander Oparin do?
He developed a hypothesis on the origin of life (the earths early atmospher)
Why are gene pools important to the evolutionary theory?
Its important because evolution involves changes in populations over time
In Genetic Equilibrium, if the allele frequencies don’t charge what will happen to the population?
The population will not evolve
What does the Fossil Formation include?
Different sediments
What were the different things the Atmosphere included?
Methane: CH4
Ammonia: NH3
Hydrogen Sulfide: H2S
Water Vapor: H2O
Carbon Dioxide: CO2
Nitrogen Gas: N2
How do mutations occur?
By mistakes in replication of DNA and radiation or chemicals
What are the three different isolations?
Behavioral Isolation
Geographic Isolation
Temporal Isolation
What are the problems with layer aging?
Erosion
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Since Oparin had the hypothesis of the origin of life. What did Stanley Miller & Harold Urey do about it?
They created the early Earth’s atmosphere
Single-gene traits are controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
Polygenic traits are controlled by two or more genes
What can Reproductive Isolation be caused by?
Can be caused my the three Isolations (Behavioral, Geographic, Temporal)
What is C12 and what does it do?
C12 is the carbon found in all organisms
It will break down the C14
What idea did Lynn Margulis develop in the 1960’s?
The idea that larger cells incorporated smaller cells and then there was a division of labor
What are the three types in which Natural Selection can affect the distribution of phenotypes?
Disruptive Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Directional System
What are the conditions needed to maintain Genetic Equilibrium?
Mating must be at random
No genes may enter or leave a population
There can be no occurrence of mutation
The population must be large
No natural selection
What are the 3 era’s?
Paleozoic Era
Mesozoic Era
Ceriozoic Era
What was the evidence that Lynn Margulis’ idea was true?
Mitochondria & chloroplasts have a phosphoric bilayer like cell membranes
Both contain DNA’s like bacteria
Both reproduce by binary fission
Have ribosome like bacteria