Body Organization
What are the levels of organization in the body?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organisim
What is the name of the jelly-like fluid inside the cell?
In what kind of cells are antibodies found?
What is an immunodeficiency?
The immune system is weak and can't fight infections
Name 5 systems of the body
Options: Muscular, skeletal, nervous, digestive, endocrine, cardiopulmonary, reproductive, urinary, integumentary, lymphatic
Name four cell organelles
Options: Mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles
What are antibodies shaped to fit (a germ/invader)?"
Antigen
Leukemia - White Blood Cells (WBCs) in the Bone Marrow
Lymphoma - Lymphocytes (T-cells or B-cells) in the Lymph Nodes
What are the three components of the physical exam?
Examine the throat, take temperature, feel for the lymph nodes in the throat
What type of tissue is made of cells that are tightly connected and form a sheet lining the inside and outside surfaces of the body?
Epithelial tissue
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Packaging and shipping
Name and describe the two types of immunity
Active - Your body makes its own antibodies after being exposed to a germ (either by getting sick or by getting a vaccine)
Passive - You borrow antibodies from another source. This protection is immediate but temporary
Name three symptoms of SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
Butterfly rash, joint pain, fatigue
Onset: When did it start?
Location: Where is it located?
Duration: How long has it lasted?
Characterization: What is it like?
Alleviating/Aggravating: What relieves the symptom? What makes it worse?
Timing: Is it better or worse at different times of the day?
Severity: Using a scale 1 to 5, how does the patient rate the severity of this symptom?
Explain the role of the integumentary system
Protects against external environment, regulates body temperature excretes waste (sweat)
What are components of the plasma membrane?
DOUBLE POINTS: What is the name for the model describing the plasma membrane?
Double layer of lipids + proteins, transmembrane proteins
DOUBLE POINTS: Fluid mosaic model
List the antibody types
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
What is the difference between genetic and acquired immunodeficiences?
genetic - someone is born with a faulty gene
acquired - immune system is damaged later in life by external factors (Ex. Disease, medicine, poor nutrition)
What tests could you order based on the diagnosis (list three)?
CBC (complete blood count), blood smear, X-Ray/MRI
List the organs of the lymphatic system
Lymph node, spleen, thymus, vessels
First synthesized by ribosomes, then transported to the ER for folding and processing, packaged by the Golgi apparatus, used in the cell, broken down by lysosomes
Diagnostics (Testing) - Antibodies are used to find out if a person has a disease or has been exposed to a germ
Therapeutics (Treatment) - Scientists create special antibodies in a lab called Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) to treat diseases
Plasmapheresis - A procedure to remove harmful antibodies from the blood of a patient with an autoimmune disease
SLE - The body's own DNA and cells in many organs (skin, joints, kidneys)
Graves' Disease - The thyroid gland (a gland in the neck that controls energy)
Type 1 Diabetes - The beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - The lining of the joints (synovium)
What are the possible treatment types you could choose for the patient?
Antibiotics, anti-viral, symptom support, vaccination, cancer treatment