Diabetes
What are the 3 P's of diabetes?
Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
What lab level should be checked s/p thyroidectomy
Calcium (Hypocalcemia)
What is a complication associated with hypothyroidism
what is myxedema -
•LOnGSTANDING undiagnosed hypothyroidism
•Severe hypotension
•Respiratory depression à hypoventilation
•Hypothermia
•Lethargy/ coma
The opening between left ventricle and
aorta narrows
What is Aortic Stenosis
What is a low blood glucose
< 70 mg/dL
Severe = <40mg/dL
The 3 Main Clinical Features of DKA
1. Hyperglycemia
2. Dehydration
3. Acidosis
Identify 3 s/s of SIADH
•Weight gain
• Oliguria
•↑ Specific gravity
•↑ Osmolality
•Hypervolemia (edema/ bloating/ SOB/ increase BP)
•Hyponatremia (n/v/ h/a/ seizures/ lethargy)
What is a main cause of addisonian crisis
- abrupt stop steroids
- high stress (surgery/ illness) and no increase in steroids
What is a possible treatment for end-stage/ severe cardiomyopathy
heart transplant
What two electrolytes are best friends?
Magnesium and calcemia
Identify 3 s/s of hypoglycemia
sweating, tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, anxiety, hunger, headache, lightheadedness, confusion, numbness, slurred speech, double vision, drowsiness, LOC and seizures
Identify 3 nursing interventions for pts w/ hyperparathyroidism
1. Encourage hydration
2. Encourage mobility (NO BEDREST)
3. Eat high fiber foods
4. monitor s/s hypercalcemic crisis
What condition does longterm steroid use cause
Cushing syndrome
Symptoms of valvular disease mimic which condition?
Heart failure (due to decrease cardiac output and pulmonary congestion)
What are 2 macrovascular complciations r/t diabetes
Coronary artery disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Identify 3 aspects of sick day rules
Take insulin or oral antidiabetic agents as usual
Test BG levels and urine ketones Q 3-4 hours
Report elevated BG levels >300 mg/dL or urine ketones to PCP
May need supplemental doses of insulin Q3-4 hours
If not able to eat normal meals, substitute soft foods (custard, gelatin, soup, graham crackers) 6-8 times per day
If N/V/D or fever persist, ½ cup of juice, broth or Gatorade every ½ to 1 hour to prevent dehydration
Report N/V/D to PCP
Unable to retain fluids, may need hospitalization to avoid DKA
identify 5 different s/s of Addisons
Idenitfy the main cause of hyperthyroidism and 3 s/s
Graves Disease
•Goiter
•Nervousness/anxiety
•Fine tremors
•Arrythmias (afib)
•Tachycardia/ palpitations
•Heat intolerance
•Increased appetite/ weight loss
•Diarrhea
•↑ BP
•Diaphoresis
•Insomnia
•Exophthalmos
Identify 3 symptoms of Pericarditis
1. Friction Rub
2. Fever
3. SOB
4. Diaphoresis
5. Pleuritic chest pain-relieved with sitting up (Pain radiating to trapezius muscle and clavicle)
6. EKG changes such as diffuse ST-segment elevations and PR depression
7. Pericardial effusion
What is a higher A1C level?
6.5 or greater
What is the treatment for HHNS (3 parts)
1. Fluid replacement
2. Correction of electrolyte imbalances
3. IV insulin infusion
What happens to urine specific gravity and osmolarity in DI?
•Polyuria
•↓ Specific Gravity
•↓ Osmolarity
What is a main treatment for DI?
desmopressin
Identify 4 causes or risk factors of Endocarditis
• Prosthetic heart valves or implanted cardiac devices
• History of bacterial endocarditis
• Structural/congenital heart defects
• IV drug use (IVDA-Intravenous Drug Abuse)
• Immunodeficiency
• Intravascular access device
• Surgeries and dental procedures
• Body piercing and tattoos
What is a main PO medication used for Diabetes
Metformin