Liver
What structure is patent in utero but becomes a ligament later on?
Ductus venosus and/or ligamentum venosum
What artery enters into the head of the pancreas?
Gastroduodenal artery
stones in the bile ducts
Choledocholithiasis
Color Doppler imaging of a normal thyroid shows what?
minimal flow located near the poles of the gland
What sonographic artifact may be present in the anterior portion of a fluid-filled bladder?
What is the sonographic "sign" for inflammation of the liver?
Starry-Sky sign
What is a sonographic "sign" of obstruction in both the common bile duct and pancreatic duct?
"double-duct" sign
What are the three main parts of the biliary tree in sequential order from the liver to the small intestine?
Hepatic duct >> common hepatic duct >> common bile duct
The sonographic sign for Graves’ disease is?
Thyroid inferno
Name two synonyms for renal cell carcinoma.
hypernephroma
renal cell adenocarcinoma
What is the chemical marker for HCC?
Alpha-fetoprotein
What enzyme rises after 72 hours of onset of acute pancreatitis?
Lipase
Name the sphincter that controls the release of bile from the common bile duct into the duodenum.
Sphincter of Oddi
What is a pathology of the thyroid caused by inadequate iodine ingestion?
Goiter
What are the three main layers of tissue that make up the wall of the urinary bladder?
muscularis
adventitia/serosa
What liver lesion has malignant potential and is caused by oral contraceptive use?
Hepatocellular Adenoma
What malformation is a common cause of duodenal obstruction?
An annular pancreas
Air in the biliary tree
Pneumobilia
List three sonographic features indicative of malignant thyroid nodules.
What pathology is sonographically described as a medium echodense, nonshadowing, mobile defect within the renal collecting system?
Fungal bezoars (fungus balls)
What inherited disease is linked with cysts in the liver and other organs?
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
What syndrome is caused by functional gastrinomas and can lead to peptic ulcers due to excess stomach acid secretion?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
What type of cells line the bile ducts within the liver and help regulate the composition of bile?
Cholangiocytes
Name two functions of the parathyroid gland.
What hormone regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/vasopressin