Political orientation
What is political socialization?
the lifelong process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors
What is rule of law
It establishes that laws govern a nation, rather than the arbitrary decisions or personal preferences of individuals.
What is Equality of Opportunity
all individuals should have the same chance to succeed, regardless of background, race, or gender, based on merit rather than systemic barriers.
Main point of federalist papers
a strong federal government was essential for national unity, economic stability, and security, overcoming the limitations of the Articles of Confederation.
Main point of Brutus papers
to argue against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Brutus contended that the proposed government would create a "complete consolidated government" that would abolish state sovereignty, destroy liberty, and centralize power too far from the people.
Difference between generational and life cycle events.
generational effects are caused by shared, unique, and often permanent historical experiences, while life cycle effects are caused by predictable, temporary changes in life stages as individuals age
Two core Democratic Values
promote free trade, social programs, labor unions, consumer protection, workplace safety regulation, equal opportunity, disability rights, racial equity, regulations against environmental pollution, and criminal justice reform
What is the Federal Reserve?
provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. It operates as an independent government entity, meaning its decisions do not have to be approved by the President or Congress, allowing it to focus on long-term economic stability.
Explain Gideon v. Wainwright
Ruling that the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel applies to state courts via the Fourteenth Amendment, requiring states to provide attorneys for indigent defendants in felony cases. This unanimous ruling established that legal counsel is a fundamental right,
Explain McDonald v. Chicago
Ruled the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense applies to state and local governments, not just the federal government
One reason political attitudes change with age?
Economic Status and Home Ownership Family Status Reliance on Public Services
3 events that altered public opinion of the Government
Vietnam war, Water Gate, 9/11, hurricane Katrina, involvement in the Middle East
Monetary policy
the set of actions and strategies a nation’s central bank employs to manage the money supply, interest rates, and credit conditions
What was Letter From a Birmingham Jail about
defends the strategy of nonviolent direct action against racism and segregation
Explain the effects of McCulloch v. Maryland
the existence of implied powers for the federal government and the supremacy of federal law over state laws. The decision largely solidified the authority of Congress to act beyond its explicitly enumerated powers and prohibited states from taxing federal entities.
What influences political beliefs? Examples.
Family, upbringing, social environment, significant life events
Name each type of poll and what they mean
Benchmark poll, helps to gather initial public opinion on a crucial topic, Exit poll, taken after someone leaves to see who they voted for and why, Tracking poll, measure how voters feel about an issue before it is voted on.
Fiscal policy
the use of government spending and taxation to influence a nation's economy, aiming to promote sustainable growth, manage inflation, and stabilize the business cycle.
Explain United States v. Lopez
ruled that the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was unconstitutional because it exceeded Congress's power under the Commerce Clause.
Explain Schenck v. United States
First Amendment does not protect speech creating a "clear and present danger" of significant evil,
How can a significant event shape political attitudes?
acting as catalysts for change, forcing individuals and entire generations to reassess their views on government, policy, and society.
Two core Republican Values
limited government intervention in the economy, strong national defense, traditional social values, and individual liberty
What is one way belief in free enterprise affects opinions on government regulation of business
government regulation should be minimized
Name every foundational document
defends the strategy of nonviolent direct action against racism and segregation
Fed 10
Fed 51
Fed 70
Fed 78
Brutus 1
Declaration of independence
Articles of confederation
Constitution
Letter from a Birmingham jail
Explain every Foundational document for a lot of points
Declaration of Independence (1776): Argues for natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness), popular sovereignty, and justified separation from Britain. Synonyms: Declaration, Jefferson’s Manifesto.