Origins of Neuroscience
Trepanation was early evidence of awareness of what?
Brain injury and mental illness
A patient can speak fluently but their words don’t make sense, and they cannot understand written language. What aphasia is this?
Wernicke’s Aphasia
About how many neurons are in the brain?
~85 billion
Which glia form myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
A patient has a blockage in a cerebral artery from high cholesterol buildup. What type of stroke is this?
Ischemic
In Ancient Egyptian beliefs, what was considered the seat of the soul?
The heart.
In Broca’s Aphasia, what remains intact despite difficulty producing speech?
Language comprehension
Which staining method reveals entire neurons with axons and dendrites?
Golgi stain
Which glia form myelin in the PNS?
Schwann cells
If the axon of a pre synpatic neuron synapses onto the dendrite of a post synaptic neuron, what type of synapse is this?
axodendritic synapse
Which philosopher believed that the brain cools blood going to the heart?
Aristotle
Which lobe is damaged in Broca’s Aphasia?
Left frontal lobe.
Which neuron type is star-shaped?
Stellate neuron
Which barrier protects the brain from toxins?
The blood brain barrier (BBB)
When a neuron is at rest, is there more sodium inside the cell, or outside of the cell?
Outside
What law states dorsal roots carry sensory input, whereas ventral roots carry motor input?
Bell-Magendie Law
Which Renaissance figure first drew cranial nerves?
Leonardo da Vinci
Which neurons transmit signals over long distances?
Golgi type 1 Neurons
If someone is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis ( a demyelinating disease), which cells are likely failing?
Oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
What is the process where polypeptide chains fold into different shapes, altering protein function?
Conformational change
If someone had a stroke and can no longer produce speech, what aphasia do they likely have?
Broca’s Aphasia
What’s the difference between gray and white matter?
Gray = nuclei, White = axons
Which cytoskeletal protein is disrupted in Alzheimer’s?
Tau
What type of cell supports the endothelial cells that make up the blood brain barrier?
Astrocytes
What process contributes to the creation of ion channels that exist in the phospholipid membrane?
Translation or protein synthesis