Show:
Neuro Disorders
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Fluid & Electrolyte Disorders
Cancer & Chemotherapy
GI disorders
100

What are 2 key differences between delirium and dementia?

Ch 9 

Delirium = acute, reversible, and fluctuates

 Dementia = gradual, progressive, irreversible.

100

Key difference between RA and OA?

Ch 89 & 73

RA = systemic, autoimmune, bilateral

 OA = localized, wear-and-tear.

100

What lab findings are typical in SIADH?

Ch 78

Urine testing: Think CONCENTRATED. As urine volume decreases, urine osmolarity increases

  • Increased urine specific gravity
  • Increased urine osmolarity
  • Increased urine sodium


  • Blood testing: Think DILUTE. As blood volume increases, blood osmolarity decreases
  • Decreased blood sodium (dilutional hyponatremia)
  • Decreased blood osmolarity (less than 270 mEq/L)
  • Decrease in BUN, Hgb, Hct, creatinine clearance



 

100

Name 2 common side effects of chemotherapy.

Ch 92

Immunosuppression, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, alopecia, mucositis, stomatitis, bone marrow suppression, anemia, chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment 

100

Dietary education for GERD

Ch 49

Low fat

Avoid: caffeine, chocolates, nitrates, citrus, alcohol, carbonation 

200

What classic triad characterizes Parkinson's Disease?

Ch 8 

Bradykinesia/akinesia

 resting tremor

 stooped posture

slow, shuffled gait

 masklike expression

muscle rigidity

difficulty swallowing and chewing 

200

What are 2 triggers for SLE flare-ups?

88

Trauma, infection, certain medications, UV light exposure, stress

200

Early manifestations of SIADH

Ch 78


headache, weakness, anorexia, muscle cramps, and weight gain (without edema because water, not sodium, is retained).

200

What’s a symptom of tumor lysis syndrome?

Ch 90

Gastrointestinal distress, flank pain muscle cramps and weakness, seizures, and mental status changes

200

What helps prevent constipation?

High fiber, fluids, activity 

300

What’s the difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke?

Ch 16 

Ischemic = blocked blood flow (most common type)

reversed with tPA if given within 3-4.5 hours

Hemorrhagic = bleeding in the brain

tPA can't be given 

300

Client education for gout 

Ch 88

  • Stay on a low-purine diet, which includes no organ meats or shellfish.
  • Limit alcohol intake.
  • Avoid starvation diets, aspirin, and diuretics.
  • Limit physical or emotional stress.
  • Increase fluid intake.
  • Practice medication adherence.
  • Use stress-management techniques.
300

Physical findings of DI

Ch 78

  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Loss or absence of skin turgor
  • Dry mucous membranes
  • Weak, poor peripheral pulses
  • Decreased cognition
  • Constipation
  • Nocturia
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle weakness
  • Dilute urine
300

Internal radiation (Brachytherapy) vs External

Ch 92

Internal: Person and their waste is radioative. Maintain 6ft distance. 


External: Person is not radioactive. Skin is marked with tattoo. Monitor CBC. Eat cold foods. Do not apply lotions or expose skin to sun. 

300

Duodenal vs gastric ulcer

Ch 50

Duodenal: Pain occurs 1.5-3 hours after eating, pain at night, pain relieved by food or antacid, well-nourished, melena 

Gastric: Pain occurs 30-60 min after a meal, pain exacerbated by food, malnourishment, hematemesis 

400

What are triggers for MS?

Ch 11

  • Because MS is an autoimmune disease, some factors trigger relapses.
    • Viruses and infectious agents
    • Living in a cold climate
    • Physical injury
    • Emotional stress
    • Pregnancy
    • Fatigue
    • Overexertion
    • Temperature extremes
    • Hot shower/bath
400

What findings would you expect with SLE?

Ch 88 

 fever, joint pain, malaise, weight loss, alopecia, facial rash with a butterfly appearance, and reports of fatigue.

400

What are 2 interventions for SIADH?

Ch 78

 Fluid restriction 500-1000ml a day 

Strict I&O

Auscultate lung sounds 

Assess mental status 

Seizure precautions 

400

What are 2 precautions for neutropenic clients?

Ch 92

Private room, mask during any transport, no flowers or plants, restrict ill visitors, avoid invasive procedures, keep dedicated equipment in the room, frequent hand hygiene, administer colony-stimulating factors (stimulate WBC). 

400

Why is lactulose given in liver disease?

56

Promote excretion of ammonia through stool 

500

What are 3 nursing interventions during a seizure?

Ch 7 

Protect from injury, turn on side, loosen restrictive clothing, do not restrain or insert anything in the airway, document duration of seizure and findings

500

What self-care education should be given to a patient with lupus?

  • Wear a wide-brimmed hat, long-sleeve shirt, and long pants when outdoors.
  • Avoid UV and prolonged sun exposure. Use sunscreen when outside and exposed to sunlight.
  • Use mild protein shampoo and avoid harsh hair treatments.
  • Use steroid creams for skin rash.
  • Report peripheral and periorbital edema promptly.
  • Report evidence of infection related to immunosuppression.
  • Avoid crowds and individuals who are sick because illness can precipitate an exacerbation.
  • Understand the risks of pregnancy with lupus and treatment medications.
  • Cleanse skin with mild soap and inspect for open areas and rashes daily.
  • Apply lotion to dry skin.
  • Avoid applying drying agents to skin, such as powder or rubbing alcohol.
  • Pat skin dry rather than rubbing.
  • Understand the effect of the disease on lifestyle.
500

Differentiate SIADH vs DI pathophysiology.

Ch 78

SIADH = excess ADH, fluid retention

DI = lack of ADH, fluid loss.

500

CAUTION

Change bowel/bladder

A sore that doesn't heal 

Unusual bleeding/discharge

Thickening/lump 

Indigestion/difficulty swallowing

Obvious change in wart

Nagging cough or hoarseness 

500
Crohn's vs Ulcerative Colitis 

Ch 53

Crohn's: Pain RLQ, affects the GI tract, fistulas occur, common in males, 5 loose stools/day, oily foul stools

UC: Pain LLQ, affects colon, leads to colon cancer, common in females, 15-20 loose stools/day, rectal bleeding