15
To begin transcription, RNA polymerase must bind to a segment of DNA called the ________.
A) initiation site
B) primer
C) inducer
D) promoter
E) transcription bubble
D) promoter
A site at the 5' end of a gene where RNA polymerase attaches to initiate transcription is called a(n)
A) operon.
B) repressor.
C) promoter.
D) operator.
E) CAP.
C) promoter.
As a mechanism of evolution, natural selection acts on variants within populations and ultimately leads to the evolution of different species was proposed by
A) Mendel.
B) Lyell.
C) Malthus
D) Darwin.
E) Founder.
D) Darwin.
If populations within the same area split into species, the process is known as
A) sympatric speciation.
B) allopatric speciation.
C) racial speciation.
D) ecotypical speciation.
E) reproductive speciation.
A) sympatric speciation.
The protein-coding gene sequences in humans and chimpanzees A) are vastly different.
B) are about 50% alike.
C) are about 80% alike
D) are more than 99% alike.
E) are identical.
D) are more than 99% alike.
Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as
A) nucleotides.
B) nucleic acids.
C) amino acids.
D) genes.
E) codons.
A) nucleotides.
The basic tool of genetic regulation is the ability of certain proteins to bind to specific
A) regulatory RNA sequences.
B) regulatory DNA sequences.
C) repressor parts of the gene.
D) promoter parts of the gene.
E) enzymes of the cell.
B) regulatory DNA sequences.
Moths that can evade a bat's echolocation have ________ that increase their likelihood of survival and reproduction.
A) genes
B) fitness
C) mutations
D) adaptations
E) selection
D) adaptations
The type of speciation that results in the formation of separate species as a result of geographic isolation is called ________ speciation.
A) gradual
B) sympatric
C) allopatric
D) sexual
E) adaptive
C) allopatric
One of the ways that two species can be compared, and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted, is by using their sequenced genomes and
A) looking at the allelic differences.
B) investigating the introns.
C) looking at the conserved sequences.
D) exchanging genomic information between them.
C) looking at the conserved sequences.
Most eukaryotic genes contain noncoding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with the coding sequences.
A) introns
B) exons
C) codons
D) spacers
E) spliceosomes
A) introns
The hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to A) grow and divide rapidly.
B) adjust quickly to outside environment.
C) maintain homeostasis.
D) quickly synthesize amount and type of enzymes according to available nutrients.
E) respond by gene action to oxygen availability.
C) maintain homeostasis.
When fisheries managers move fish from one lake to another, this causes gene ________.
A) blending
B) flow
C) mutation
D) dominance
B) flow
A type of isolating mechanism that leads to reproductive isolation after a hybrid zygote has formed is called a ________ isolating mechanism.
A) hybridization
B) postzygotic
C) prezygotic
D) adaptive
E) differential
B) postzygotic
Except in rare cases, genes are usually passed from generation to generation within a species. This process is called:
A) horizontal gene transfer
B) vertical gene transfer
C) transgenesis
D) synteny
B) vertical gene transfer
The "one-gene/one-enzyme" hypothesis was proposed by A) Watson and Crick.
B) Griffith.
C) Garrod.
D) Franklin.
E) Beadle and Tatum.
E) Beadle and Tatum.
As a microbiologist you have been asked to investigate the regulation of a novel gene in a bacterial species. Given what is known about bacteria, the logical place to begin your investigation is
A) transcriptional regulation.
B) translational regulation.
C) alternative splicing regulation.
D) regulation by enhancer elements.
E) regulation by general transcription factors.
A) transcriptional regulation.
Natural selection for a certain phenotype will affect the ________.
A) allele frequency of a population
B) allele frequency of an individual
C) genotype of an individual
D) genotype of a population
A) allele frequency of a population
Many species might coexist in a particular environment by occupying different ecological
A) biomes.
B) niches.
C) territories.
D) domains.
E) ranges.
B) niches.
25) Many genes in the human genome are no longer expressed because mutations have introduced stop codons within the coding sequence or transposons have disrupted gene function. These genes are now considered
A) pseudogenes.
B) orthologs.
C) paralogs.
D) homologues.
A) pseudogenes.
The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the information encoded in genes to synthesize
A) codons.
B) nucleotides.
C) proteins.
D) histones.
E) complementary bases.
C) proteins.
You have been asked to design a synthetic DNA motif, able to bind transcriptional regulatory proteins. The location on this motif that you will design for protein binding is the
A) minor groove of the DNA double helix.
B) major groove of the DNA double helix.
C) phosphate backbone of the DNA double helix.
D) sugar backbone of the DNA double helix.
E) available hydrogen-bonds of bases in single-stranded DNA.
B) major groove of the DNA double helix.
Darwin proposed that natural selection occurs in an environment by
A) favoring heritable features that make the organism better suited to survive and reproduce.
B) producing a constant number of offspring while in that environment.
C) surviving for a fixed amount of time.
D) resisting the environment and keeping the environment from changing.
E) favoring those individuals with the most favorable acquired characteristics.
A) favoring heritable features that make the organism better suited to survive and reproduce.
In 1938, scientists found a population of coelacanths in the Indian Ocean. This fish species is considered a "living fossil" and appears not to have changed morphologically for 80 million years. This discovery supports the ________ model of evolution.
A) gradualism
B) punctuated equilibrium
C) adaptation
D) natural selection
E) common descent
B) punctuated equilibrium
Comparisons of human and mouse genomes reveals
A) they have widely different numbers of genes, and share only a few more genes than humans and pufferfish.
B) the differences between humans and mice are mainly the introns.
C) they have very little in common.
D) the genomes are very similar, with most of the genes unique to mice linked to size and shape. E) the genomes are very similar, with most of the genes unique to mice linked to smell and reproduction.
D) the genomes are very similar, with most of the genes unique to mice linked to size and shape. E) the genomes are very similar, with most of the genes unique to mice linked to smell and reproduction.