Civil War and Lincoln
Passed in 1854, this act applied popular sovereignty to new Western territories, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise line and triggering violent clashes
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Ratified in December 1865, this Constitutional amendment formally abolished slavery throughout the entire United States
What is the 13th Amendment?
These two authors co-wrote the 1873 satirical novel that gave "The Gilded Age" its name
Who are Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner?
Held in New York in 1848, this landmark convention produced the Declaration of Sentiments demanding equal rights for women
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
These oppressive southern societal factors—including disenfranchisement, sharecropping, Jim Crow laws, and racial violence—acted as major "push" factors driving migration
What are Push factors (or Jim Crow / disenfranchisement / sharecropping / violence)?
Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election of 1860 running on a Republican platform that opposed this specific policy regarding slavery
What is the expansion of slavery into western territories?
Overturning the Dred Scott decision, this amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection under the law
What is the 14th Amendment?
He ruthlessly consolidated the nation's oil industry into Standard Oil, famously declaring that individual market competition was a thing of the past
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
Disagreements over this Reconstruction amendment caused the suffrage movement to split into two separate organizations (NWSA and AWSA) in 1869
What is the 15th Amendment?
As of 1910, roughly this percentage of all African Americans lived in the American South
What is 90%?
These four slaveholding states chose to remain loyal to the Union throughout the Civil War
What are Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri?
This 1870 amendment prohibited federal or state governments from denying citizens the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
What is the 15th Amendment?
Workers at this company town in Illinois launched a major strike in 1894 following wage cuts and high rents during an economic depression
What is the Pullman Palace Car Company (Pullman, Illinois)?
Prior to national ratification, this geographic region of the United States led the way in granting women full voting rights, starting with Wyoming Territory in 1869
What are Western states and territories?
This major global event served as a huge catalyst for northern migration, drawing over 500,000 Black Southerners to northern cities due to industrial job shortages
What is World War I?
On April 14, 1865, just five days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, President Lincoln was assassinated by this actor at Ford's Theatre
Who is John Wilkes Booth?
This informal political deal gave Republican Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for withdrawing federal troops from the South
What is the Compromise of 1877?
This labor leader headed the American Railway Union (ARU) and led a national boycott supporting the Pullman strikers
Who is Eugene Debs?
In August 1920, this Southern state provided the decisive 36th ratification vote required to certify the 19th Amendment
What is Tennessee?
Census data shows that this New Jersey city saw its Black population surge from under 2,000 in 1870 to over 17,000 by 1920
What is Newark?
Effective January 1, 1863, this wartime executive order declared enslaved people in Confederate-held territory free, but did not free those in Union-loyal border states
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
Historians use this term to describe the period between 1865 and 1870 because the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments fundamentally rewritten the rules of American citizenship and equality
What is the "Second Founding"?
President Grover Cleveland dispatched federal troops to Chicago to break the Pullman strike under the justification of keeping this moving
What is the U.S. mail / interstate commerce?
Despite the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, many Southern Black women remained effectively disenfranchised until the passage of this 1965 federal law
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Migration from rural farms to urban industrial centers dwarfed both westward migration and this other major demographic movement of the Gilded Age
What is foreign / international immigration?