Consists of individuals, organizations, and movements that seek to influence public affairs independently of the government and political parties. It plays a key role in democracy by advocating for rights, promoting government transparency, and contributing to social development.
Civil Society
It is the way people see themselves as part of a group with shared characteristics, values, and goals.
Groups create a sense of belonging through common traditions, symbols, and shared experiences.
Collective Identity
Living a good life is about achieving eudaimonia, which means "flourishing" or "human flourishing. He believed it was important to develop qualities like courage, wisdom, and generosity and finding balance in life.
Aristotle
It refers to how resources, income, and assets (such as money, land, businesses, and stocks) are shared among individuals, social groups, or nations.
Wealth Distribution
It involves attributing excessive value or power to an object, often to the point where it overshadows the object's actual purpose or the social relations that produced it.
Fetishism
First social institution where individuals learn values, norms, and civic responsibilities. It plays a crucial role in shaping future citizens and influencing the broader society.
Family
The different tasks people take on to help a group function well.
Society assigns roles based on expectations (e.g., leaders, helpers, decision-makers). These roles can change over time.
Social Roles and Cooperation
Good life means the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. He suggested that a happy life involves seeking satisfaction without abuse, which can lead to unhappiness.
Epicurus
It refers to the fair and equitable distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. It emphasizes the rights of all individuals to access basic necessities, such as education, healthcare, housing, and employment, regardless of their background.
Social Justice
Shared beliefs, symbols, and narratives that shape a community’s identity and perception of reality.
Imaginaries
Key to forming critical, informed, and participative citizens. It allows individuals to engage in public life and demand their rights.
Education
How people share ideas and work together to solve problems.
Language, symbols, and rituals help create unity and maintain order in a group.
Communication and Social Interaction
He believed that good life was achieved through virtue, self-sufficiency, and independence from material wealth and social status.
Antisthenes
Condition in which individuals or groups lack sufficient financial resources to meet their basic needs, including food, shelter, healthcare, and education.
Poverty
A nonviolent, public refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government as a form of protest.
Civil Desobedience
It refers to the different ways in which political authority is organized and applied within a state or society. It includes the structures, principles, and mechanisms through which power is distributed, decisions are made, and laws are enforced.
Forms of exercising government
The set of rules, values, and behaviors that a group follows.
Norms shape behavior and help maintain order in a society. Some norms are formal (laws), while others are informal (manners).
Culture and Shared Norms
Good life and true happiness could only be found through a relationship with God and living according to divine will. He focused on the importance of spiritual fulfillment over material or earthly pleasures.
Saint Augustine
Involves deep reflection, intellectual pursuits, and spiritual practices. It is about gaining understanding, wisdom, and insight, often through practices like meditation, philosophy, art, or religious reflection.
Contemplative Activities
Refers to a gradual, peaceful approach to social or political change. It emphasizes improving existing structures, laws, and systems within a society rather than overturning or radically changing them.
Reformism
A system of government where power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives. It is based on principles such as free elections, citizen participation, and the rule of law.
Democracy
The active involvement of citizens in political and civic life (e.g., voting, protests, petitions, running for office).
Elections, public debates, grassroots movements, civil society organizations are forms of participation.
Democratic Participation
He believed that the good life is one in which people have the freedom to develop their potential and live in a just society.
Adam Schaff
Refers to the work that results in tangible outputs that meet societal needs, like farming, manufacturing, teaching, and healthcare. It is focused on creating goods, services, or social value.
Productive Activity
Refers to a fundamental, often violent change in political, economic, or social structures.
Revolution