Immunology/Bacteriology
What are the only class of antibodies that T-cell independent antigens produce?
IgM antibodies
The double stranded nucleic acid has about how many base pairs per turn in the relaxed state?
10
What is the vascularization of the Trapezius?
1. Dorsal scapular - Branch of subclavian artery 2. Transverse cervical artery - branch of thyro-cervical trunk of subclavian artery
The ultimate 3-dimensional structure pf a protein is determined by what
Primary structure
Genetics: Does the leading or lagging strand have more primers?
lagging
What molecules are involved in transport of peptides and loading of MHC molecules in Class II MHC Pathway?
Invariant chain (CLIP), DM (HLA-DM)
What does the transactivator recruit in order to start histone acetylation and gene expression?
HAT (Histone Acetyl Transferase)
In a patient with Erb-Duchenne palsy, a nerve arising from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus is non-functional. Identify the nerve that is affected?
Suprascapular nerve
How many heme groups can bind to a hemoglobin and myoglobin, respectively?
4, 1
Genetics: What kind of chromosomes are used in karyotyping?
metaphase chromosomes
During co-stimulation, what 2 receptors are needed for activation?
CD28 and B7
What was an early marker of cancer cells and what does it stand for?
PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)
In the process of escaping from a T. Rex in Jurassic Park, you puncture the skin on the medial side of your wrist on a spiny bush. A few days later, due to the plant toxin, an infection is see spreading up the medial side of your arm along the large cutaneous vein extending from the dorsum of your hand to the medial side of your arm. Which vein is involved?
Basilic Vein
What is the 3rd step in collagen fibril assembly?
glycosylation of selected hydroxylysines
Anatomy: What other muscle has the same distal attachment?
Levator scapulae
What class of antibody is effective in killing helminth?
Bonus: What is a helminth?
IgE
Bonus: a worm
What 3 items are required for PCR?
heat or helices, DNA polymerase, and primers
What are the 4 superficial muscles of the forearm?
Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, and Flexor carpi ulnaris
What is the first product in purine synthesis?
IMP
Anatomy: What muscles does the sciatic nerve supply?
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and posterior part of adductor magnus
What type of hypersensitivity is a wheal and flare reaction?
Type 1
genome.ucsc.edu is a useful starting point for accessing a very large amount of human genome data, including what?
CPG islands and SNPs
What thigh muscle has two innervations and what are they?
Adductor magnus (Obturator and Sciatic)
What shifts the hill curve to the right by stabilizing the deoxygenated confirmation of hemoglobin?
2,3 - BPG
Biochemistry: What is the main toxic effect of ROS and via what?
Damage to cellular membranes via lipid peroxidation