NICE GENES
What is the Central Dogma of genetics?
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
What are the 3 parts to the structure of DNA?
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous Base
What is a homologous structure?
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.
What is evolution?
What type of genetic mutation makes a DNA sequence shorter than the original sequence?
Deletion/Frameshift
What is the name of a cross that only involves one trait?
Monohybrid cross (small punnett square)
If a segment of DNA has 15% Cytosine, how much Guanine does it have?
Double points: How much Adenine does it have?
15% Guanine
(15% Adenine)
FALSE! They do not show common ancestry.
What are 2 examples of adaptations that increase the fitness of some organisms?
Camouflage, fur, warm blooded, cold blooded, gills, hard shells, thick skin, blubber...
What method must be used before completing a dihybrid cross?
FOIL Method
A fruit fly has a heterozygous genotype. Which alleles represent heterozygous?
Bb
What is the RNA sequence formed by the DNA sequence ATA CCG TAG
UAU GGC AUC
The pelvis and femur of a whale are what kind of evidence for evolution?
Vestigial Structure/Anatomical evidence
T/F: Genetic drift can cause a decrease in genetic variation in a population.
TRUE! Less genes become available for future generations.
What is stabilizing selection and does it increase or decrease genetic variation?
the average/intermediate phenotype is selected for and has the highest fitness. It decreases genetic variation.
Two heterozygous flies are crossed. What are the resulting offspring possibilities?
25% homozygous dominant (WW)
50% heterozygous (Ww)
25% homozygous recessive (ww)
What is the output of TRANSLATION?
a protein
How do fossils provide evidence for evolution? What do they show us?
allow us to observe the changes in species form/structure and see the progress of changes in a species.
What causes speciation?
Reproductive Isolation
What do we call the type of isolation that occurs because of a physical barrier that prevents species reproduction?
Geographic isolation
Create a pedigree with 3 generations showing Individuals I.2, II.1, II.3, and III.1 are carriers.
show chart.
What happens to chromosomes when crossing over occurs?
Double points: Draw an example.
segments of DNA are exchanged/swapped
What do scientists look for when comparing the DNA of two organisms to determine if they share a common ancestor?
DNA similarities are evidence of a common ancestor.
Which phenotype is selected for and has the greatest fitness in directional selection?
One extreme of the trait.
In fruit flies, normal wings are dominant to short wings and grey bodies are dominant to black bodies. What are the possible offsprings from this dihybrid cross: GgWw x ggww
4 Grey with Normal wings, 4 Grey with short wings, 4 black with Normal wings, 4 black with short wings