American Revolution
What was the main reason Parliament created Acts such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts?
To recover the cost of defending the colonies in the French & Indian War
Father of the Navy
John Paul Jones
What is one grievance included in the Declaration of Independence?
1. Colonists were forced to quarter troops in their homes.
2. No trial by jury
3. Taxation without Representation
Small states like New Jersey wanted representation based on -
Equality
2 Reps per States
What is separation of powers?
What is checks and balances?
Three branches of government.
1. Legislative Branch
2. Executive Branch
3. Judicial Branch
Checks and Balances: Each branch checks up on each other to keep balance (example: veto, impeach)
What was the last major battle of the American Revolution?
Battle of Yorktown
General / leader of the Continental Army
George Washington
Name the 3 unalienable rights included in the Declaration of Independence.
1. Life
2. Liberty
3. Pursuit of Happiness
Big states like Virginia wanted representation based on -
Population
Name the principle of the Constitution:
The Federal and State government share powers.
Federalism
What is mercantilism?
A policy that prevented colonists from trading with other foreign countries
Author of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Under the Northwest Ordinance, which conditions were required for territories to become a state?
1. 60,000 population
2. No slavery
3. State government
What is the Great Compromise?
Combined the New Jersey and Virginia Plan and created a bicameral (two-house) Congress - House of Representatives + Senate.
What does the Legislative Brnach do?
Makes Laws (Congress)
Declares War
Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the American Revolution?
It convinced France to support the 13 Colonies.
Author of Common Sense a pamphlet to convince colonists to become patriots
Thomas Paine
Why was it difficult for Congress to fulfill its duties under the Articles of Confederation?
To ratify or approve new laws 9/13 states had to agree.
To amend or change existing laws 13/13 states had to agree.
What is the 3/5ths Compromise?
The 3/5ths compromise counted 3 out of every 5 slaves towards a state's population/representation.
What does the Executive Branch do?
Commands armed forces
What was one result of the Treaty of Paris?
The United States was recognized as an independent country and gained land.
First to die at the Boston Massacre
Crispus Attucks
Under the Articles of Confederation the federal government was weak due
Lack of an Executive Branch
Lack of a Judicial Branch
Lack of Interstate Commerce
Lack of Armed Forces
Lack of Common Currency
Lack of National Tax Collection
Pick two and explain how these two affected the federal government.
Lack of an Executive Branch: No one to enforce laws
Lack of a Judicial Branch: No one to settle problems between states
Lack of Interstate Commerce: States cannot trade with each other.
Lack of Armed Forces: No nationals security
Lack of Common Currency: States made their own money
Lack of National Tax Collection: Federal government has no money.
What was the effect of the 3/5ths Compromise?
It increased the political influence/power in the South.
What does the Judicial Branch do?
Judicial Review
Declares Laws unconstitutional