Exploration and Expansion
What were the main motives for European exploration in the 1500s?
God, Gold, and Glory
Most of the Native American population was decimated by what?
European diseases
Europeans in the colonies were known as
Peninsulares
List in order the social classes in colonial Latin America.
1. Peninsulares 2. Creoles 3. Mestizos 4. Mulatos and Native Americans
Spanish conquerers are known as
Conquistadors
Which European country was the first to explore the world?
Portugal
Which is not a raw product of the "New World"?
Horses, Tomatos, Cacao, Maize
Horses
Define "mita"
System which allowed authorities to draft, or "rent" native labor to work in the silver mines and crop fields
First explorer to circumnavigate the world
Ferdinand Magellan
The triangular trade was between what 3 areas?
Latin America, Europe and Africa
Explorer who went to Asia and wrote an account of his experiences in Kublai Khan's court, known as The Travels, who inspired many other explorers.
Marco Polo
Define mercantilism
An economic thought that states that the prosperity of a nation depended on gold and silver through a favorable balance of trade. The idea was to maximize exports and mimimize imports.
Describe the relationship of the State and the Church in colonial Latin America.
The decisions of government and the church were made together.
Why did some Africans engage in the slave trade?
The African chiefs wanted to acquire guns and goods from the trade.
Define "encomienda"
The right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers
Who was Hernan Cortes?
Spanish exploerer that conquered Mexico.
What is the Middle Passage?
Middle portion of the triangular trade route
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
There was a line of demarcation that stated that any land east of it would belong to the Portuguese. Anything to the west belonged to the Spanish
Describe the Columbian Exchange.
This was the exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas.
This meant that the Americas would offer raw materials and Europe would bring in manufactured goods.
America was named after what explorer?
Amerigo Vespucci
Christopher Columbus first arrived to what modern day country?
Cuba
What were the main effects of slavery on Africa?
loss of culture and identity, warfare, depopulation of areas, deprived local communities of their strongest men and women, lost faith, human sacrifice became more common
How did the Crown rule over their Latin American colonies?
They would appoint a governor, called a Viceroy to make decisions in different areas in the colonies.
Why is the term "New World" controversial?
"New World" means that the Europeans had discovered something completely new. However, the land that was discovered had already belonged to someone else, the Natives from the Incan and Aztec Empires. The Europeans had just taken the land through force.
Examine the portrait of King Alfonso on page 442. How can you tell he is a king?
He seems to have a crown and is sitting on a throne.