Show:
Temperature Regulations
Climatic Conditions
Classification of Injuries
Injury Rehabilitation
Demands of specific athletes
100
Define the term Thermoregulation
The process where the body acts to maintain its core temperature of 37c
100
What are 3 of the 6 climatic conditions that coaches and athletes should take into consideration
3 from :- temperature, humidity, wind, rain, altitude, pollution
100
What is the difference between a hard and a soft tissue injury?
Hard tissue - bones and teeth. Soft tissue - all other structures eg. skin etc
100
What injury always needs a medical clearance before an athlete can return to competition?
Head injuries.
100
Name 3 groups of people with specific demands in sport.
Children and Young Athletes. Adult and Aged Athletes. Female Athletes.
200
a) What is Hypothermia and Hyperthermia. b) Give an example of what my cause theses conditions
a)Hypothermia - is a reduction in core body temperature Hyperthermia - is an increase in core body temperature b) Hypothermia can be caused by prolonged exposure to the cold weather, wearing wet clothes (in cold weather), being submerged for an extended period of time in cold water. Hperthermia is caused when the body is unable to cool itself. Playing sport in extreme temperatures, overexerting on a hot day.
200
How might increased amounts of pollution affect an athlete and their performance?
The respiratory system can become irritated which effects an athletes ability to uptake oxygen and therefore decreases aerobic performance. It could also exacerbate existing conditions such as asthma
200
What is the difference between a direct and indirect injury?
Direct injury is caused by an external force. Indirect injury is caused by an internal force.
200
What is progressive mobilisation and how is it achieved?
Following RICER movement needs to be restored to the injured site as soon as possible. Involves gradually extending the range of movement which the injured part can be manipulated.
200
Why are children at more risk from environmental heat stress than adults?
Don't have same ability to sweat. Shorter tolerance time to exteme heat - dehydration.
300
a) What are the four ways the body can lose or gain heat? b) Explain each
a) convection, conduction, evaporation, radiation b)Convection = Heat loss due to movement of air or water across the body. e.g. exposed skin in cool windy conditions will increase the loss of heat from the body. Conduction = exchange of temperature between two objects. e.g. a swimmer losing heat to cold water Evaporation = Heat is lost when sweat is evaporated from body's surface. This is the major means of heat loss during exercise. Radiation = Heat radiates from a warm object to a cooler object. e.g. heat from athlete is transferred to their surrounds on a cold day
300
Explain why the combination of heat and humidity increases the risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
When it is hot the body cools itself by sweating and evaporation. The sweat evaporates so the body can continue to cool itself. (Sweat evaporates on the skin, it takes energy in the form of heat to evaporate so it draws heat from the body thereby cooling you down). In humid conditions the air is already saturated with water therefore making it harder for evaporation to occur. Therefore the internal body temp continues to rise.
300
In order, list the three phases of the inflammatory response?
Inflammatory stage. Repair and regenerative stage. Remodelling stage.
300
What are the indicators of an athletes readiness to return to play?
Pain free, elasticity has returned, strength has returned to tissue, mobility (full range of movement), balance.
300
What is asthma and how is it treated?
Airways leading to the lungs become narrow. Sit person comfortably upright. 4 puffs of blue reliever 4 minutes 4 puffs If no improvement call ambulance and continue 4 puffs, 4 mins
400

What climatic condition has a decreased concentration of oxygen where aerobic activities are more difficult?

Alititude

400
Why might cold, windy and rainy conditions increase the chance of Hypothermia?
On cold and windy days heat is lost more rapidly due to convection and radiation. (Athletes who compete in events with fast movement e.g. cyclists will be more susceptible). If it is raining then clothing becomes wet and in these conditions they will not dry and the person will lose heat due to conduction.
400

What does the acronym RICER stand for and why is it used?

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation and referral

Effective management of tissue injuries

400
Describe 3 tests a coach could use to ensure a player who has recently suffered a torn achilles tendon, is ready to return to play at top level soccer.
Agility test eg. illinois agility test, Speed eg. 50 m sprint, balance eg. stork stand, sport specific tests eg. kicking for distance, accuracy etc.
400
What types of activity are recommended for athletes over 65 years of age.
Strength training is of the greatest benefit. Cardiorespiratory Endurance and balance eg. walking, pilates, yoga
500

Outline strategies an athlete could employ to support the body's temperature regulation mechanisms.

Adequate Fitness - training in warm humid conditions can improve heat tolerance. Hydration - Drinking water during exercise, especially in hot conditions can assist the sweating mechanism which helps remove heat from the body. Appropriate Clothing - dressing in the right style of clothing for conditions e.g. light, loose fitting material that allows evaporation of sweat to take place in warm conditions. Light coloured to reflect sun. Tight fitting, insulating clothing on cold days. Spare clothes after sweating has taken place. Modifying Warm up - hot conditions shorten duration and decrease intensity of warm up so there is not a large increase in body temp before event begins. Cold conditions, thorough warm up so all body functions and muscles are warm enough to participate, decreasing risk of injury. Acclimatisation - Training in the conditions you will competing in will help the body adapt its thermoregulation mechanisms to its environment more successfully.

500

What conditions require acclimatisation? How can these conditions be simulated.

Include, hot, humid, cold and high altitude. 

These conditions can be simulated such as the use of heat tents and hyberbaric chambers.


500
What is the difference between a blister and a callus and how are both treated?
Blister is a collection of fluid below or between the layers of the skin. Treatment is rest. Broken blisters should be washed and antiseptic liquid applied. Callus is a thickness of skin caused by external pressure. Donut pad is applied to reduce pressure resistance.
500
What does graduated exercise involve and describe why each step is important and what each involves.
Stretching - is important to ensure that injuries heal without scarring. PNF stretching is most appropriate. Conditioning - is a build up of fitness using the overload principle. Total Body Fitness - the pre injury state of mental and physical health is reached
500
Describe how iron deficiency and bone density affects participation of females in sport.
Iron deficiency - number of red blood cells is reduced limiting oxygen carrying capacity. Leads to fatigue and loss of energy. Bone density - Bones that lack calcium are susceptible to fractures and structual weakening.