Morphology
Alpha-hemolytic, optochin-resistant, bile-resistant Gram+ coccus
What is S. viridans?
Converts fibrinogen → fibrin, forming a protective clot that shields the bacteria from immune attack
What is coagulase?
Empiric antibiotic used to cover MRSA
What is vancomycin?
Which type of IE is most likely to affect healthy valves?
What is acute IE?
What is the most commonly affected valve in IV drug users?
What is tricuspid valve?
coagulase-positive, beta-hemolytic, G+ cocci
What is S. aureus?
S. aureus uses this protein to bind the Fc portion of IgG and block opsonization
What is protein A?
This cell wall change confers vancomycin resistance in VRE
What is D-Ala-D-Lac substitution?
What is S. aureus vs. S viridans?
Which organism is most associated with prosthetic valve IE?
S. epidermidis?
coagulase-negative, novobiocin-sensitive, G+ cocci
What is S. epidermidis?
Sticky polysaccharide that allows adherence to fibrin-platelet aggregates on damaged valves
What is dextram?
Name one major Duke Criterion.
What is positive blood cultures OR echocardiographic evidence of vegetation?
Immune complex deposition in kidneys causes this complication of IE
What is glomerulonephritis?
Which endocarditis-causing bacteria is part of normal gut flora and often follows GI surgery or UTI?
What is Enterococcus faecalis?
Coagulase-negative, y-hemolytic, grows on 40% bile, not on 6.5% NaCl
What is S. gallolyticus?
Superantigens that cross-link MHC II on APCs with T-cell receptors to trigger massive cytokine release
What is TSST-1 (Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1) and SpeA/SpeC (Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins)?
Name three minor Duke Criterion.
What is fever, predisposing heart condition, vascular phenomena, immunologic phenomena, positive culture not meeting major criteria?
This organism has low virulence and causes gradual onset of IE
What is S. viridans?
What is the antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures in high-risk patients?
Amoxicillin
Gram-negative fastidious and slow-growing organisms
What is HACEK (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella)?
Pore-forming toxin in S. aureus that causes leukocyte lysis and necrosis
What is Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)?
Reason why vancomycin IV treatment should be given slowly
What is to prevent "Red Man Syndrome" (massive histamine release)?
List two systemic manifestations caused by septic emboli from IE vegetations.
What is stroke, renal infarct, pulmonary emboli, MI?
Which condition should be suspected if a patient with IE has a new heart block?
What is perivalvular abscess?