Geography Matters
This natural feature of Greece led to the development of independent city-states rather than a single unified kingdom.
What are mountains
This was the central political and social structure of ancient Greek life.
What is the polis (city-state)?
This city-state valued education, philosophy, and the arts.
What is Athens?
This 200-year period of peace and prosperity stabilized the Roman Empire.
What is the Pax Romana?
This emperor centralized the government, aiming for stability in China.
Who is Lubang?
Greece’s proximity to the sea encouraged this type of interaction with other civilizations.
What is trade?
A form of government where rule is in the hands of a few powerful people.
What is an oligarchy?
This society was governed by an organized oligarchy that was composed of two kings, the Ephorate, and the council of elders.
What is Sparta?
Rome’s “balanced government” was made up of consuls, the Senate, and this assembly.
What is the Tribal Assembly?
Innovations like paper and the collar harness for horses were technological advancements of this dynasty.
What is the Han Dynasty?
Rome’s location on the Italian peninsula allowed it to control trade in this important body of water.
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
A form of government practiced in Athens where citizens directly participated in decision-making.
What is direct democracy?
Athens practiced democracy, while Sparta had a dual system led by these two rulers.
What are kings?
Rome allowed many conquered peoples to gain this status, helping the empire expand peacefully.
What is citizenship?
Empire building in Rome and China often included infrastructure, such as roads and canals, to encourage this.
What is trade?
Unlike Greece’s mountains, Rome’s fertile plains supported this key development.
What is large-scale farming/agriculture?
He was a great statesman of Athens whose goals included strengthening democracy, expanding the empire, and glorifying the city.
Who is Pericles?
Sparta and Athens fought each other in this conflict for 48 years.
What are the Peloponnesian Wars?
This was a major reason for the decline of the Roman Empire
What is political corruption and the instability of government?
This system emphasized merit over connections in attaining government jobs.
What is the civil service system?
Both Greece and Rome were shaped by geography, but while Greece emphasized city-states, Rome emphasized this type of political system.
What is a unified republic/empire?
This period in Athens under Pericles is known for advances in art, drama, architecture, and philosophy.
What is the Golden Age of Athens?
One valued freedom of thought, the other valued obedience and strength—together, they highlight the diversity of Greek civilization.
What are Athens and Sparta?
Julius Caesar, Augustus, and civil wars all contributed to this major political shift.
What is the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire?
Rule by the people
What is democracy?