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100
What is learning?
A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of events occurring in the environment.
100
What is an unconditioned response?
An innate response elicited by a "US".
100
What is negative reinforcement?
A process in which the probability of behavior is increased because it results in the removal of a stimulus event.
100
What is negative punishment?
A process in which the probability of behavior decreases because it results in the removal of a stimulus.
Ex. Time out from positive reinforcement is a form of this kind of punishment.
100
What is discrimination?
Different responses in the presence of different stimuli.
200
What is operant behavior?
A type of behavior strengthened or weakened by consequences.
200
What is habituation?
Smoke detector -> startle
Smoke detector -> no startle
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extinction
Bell & food -> salivation
Bell & no food -> no salivation
The reduction of UR over repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus that previously elicited the response.
200
What is a variable reinforcement schedule?
A simple schedule of reinforcement that results in a high rate of responding with little to no PRPs.
200
What is escape?
In this type of contingency, a response terminates an aversive stimulus.
Ex: You find me incredibly annoying so when I start talking to you, you run away.
200
What is an SΔ (S delta)?
A stimulus that sets the occasion for nonreinforcement or extinction of an operant.
300
What are genetics and experience?
Behavior is due to a complex interaction between these two things.
300
What is disinhibition?
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Bell + lemon = salivation
EXT
Honk + lemon = salivation
Disinhibition occurs with CRs, dishabituation occurs with URs.
Occurrence of a previously extinguished CR following the presentation of a novel stimulus.
300
Time, total responses
On a cumulative record, ____ is shown on the X axis and _____ is shown on the Y.
300
What is aversive control?
Positive punishment, negative reinforcement, and negative punishment are all considered forms of _____ _____.
300
What is a concurrent schedule?
This type of reinforcement schedule is best used to study determinants of choice.
400
What is respondent behavior?
Behavior that increases or decreases based on the presentation of an antecedent.
400
What is spontaneous recovery?
An increase in responding at the beginning of an extinction session relative to previous sessions.
400
What is an intermittent reinforcement schedule?
An FR 5, VI 3, and VR 20 schedule are all examples of this kind of reinforcement schedule.
400
What is discriminated avoidance?
For this example, assume that Lab Checks are an aversive stimulus. A student forgot there was a Lab Check today until someone reminded them 10 min before class. The student skip class. This is an example of ___________ avoidance.
400
What is delay discounting?
This procedure involves decisions between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards.
500
What is methodological behaviorism?
BONUS: JOHN B. WATSON
This domain posits that psychology should focus only on overt behavior that can be measured directly.
BONUS: Who is associated with this area?
500
What is trace conditioning?
CS _o___
US ___o_
You are being chased/attacked by a goose when finally you both stop. The goose honks at you for 2 s, pauses, and then attacks you (causing pain/fear). The honk alone begins to elicit fear. This is an example of ____ conditioning.
BONUS: Diagram the CS and US.
500
What is a VI 20 min schedule?
Ka'ala gets one email notification an average of every 20 minutes (ugh). The emails are being delivered on this kind of schedule.
500
What is overcorrection?
In this procedure, a learner is required to restore and improve the condition of the environment. (Ex: A teenager breaks dishes intentionally so their mother has the kid sweep up all the broken dishes, mop the area, and replace the dishes)
500
discriminative
negatively reinforced
SD : R → SR-
In the presence of the _____ stimulus, the response has been _____ _____.