Chapter 7
This IR perspective argues that the system is not purely anarchic because cooperation and regimes limit chaos.
What is the liberal view of anarchy?
This economic theory states that countries should specialize in producing goods for which they have the lowest opportunity cost.
What is comparative advantage?
This system, established in 1944, created a stable and cooperative post–WWII economic order.
What is Bretton Woods?
A shared rule or benchmark agreed upon by multiple states to harmonize behavior and facilitate cooperation.
What is a common standard?
This term refers to an actor’s ability to shape the international system.
What is hegemony?
These are sets of principles, norms, and rules that guide state behavior in specific issue areas.
What are international regimes?
The ability to produce the best product at the lowest cost compared to all other producers is known as this.
What is absolute advantage?
A currency whose value is determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange market operates under this type of system.
What is a floating exchange rate?
The idea that governments voluntarily pool authority to gain mutual benefits, often creating higher-level rules.
What is supranationalism?
When states accept roles like “great power” or “regional leader,” they are following these informal guidelines of expected behavior.
What are international norms/roles?
These five countries make up the permanent members of the Security Council.
Who are the United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom?
A tax placed on imported goods, paid by the importer.
What is a tariff?
A government deliberately lowering its currency value is practicing this.
What is devaluation?
This concept describes a situation where individuals overuse a shared resource, ultimately depleting it.
What is the tragedy of the commons?
The five permanent members of this UN body hold veto power.
What is the Security Council?
This enforcement problem means states can choose not to comply.
What is sovereignty?
A country that tries to produce everything domestically is practicing this. North Korea is an example.
What is autarky?
These enterprises own or control operations in more than one country.
What are multinational corporations (MNCs)?
This 1987 treaty required only developed countries to reduce emissions, unlike its successor, which expected commitments from all countries.
What is the Kyoto Protocol?
A structural condition where poorer countries depend on wealthy countries for economic survival.
What is dependency?
This term refers to the collection of rules governing war, human rights, refugees, nationality, and the use of force.
What is international law?
A modern form of mercantilism that promotes exports, limits imports, and centralizes currency decisions.
What is neomercantilism?
This term refers to an ownership stake made by an investor or government in a foreign company.
What is foreign direct investment (FDI)?
This concept explains why states with rapidly growing populations may face resource strain.
What is carrying capacity?
This court is the principal judicial organ of the UN.
What is the World Court (ICJ)?