Chapter 7
Knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes is known as
a. metamemory.
b. cognitive self-regulation
c. metacognitive knowledge.
d. metacognition.
c. metacognitive knowledge.
The ability to deal adaptively with novel situations and problems is known as
a. analytic ability. b. practical ability. c. contextual ability.
d. creative ability.
creative ability.
The ability to know what solution or plan will actually work is known as
a. analytic ability. b. practical ability.
c. contextual ability. d. creative ability.
practical ability.
The rules that specify how words are combined to form sentences is
a. phonology. b. semantics. c. syntax.
d. pragmatics.
syntax.
The region of the brain that is necessary for combining words into meaningful sentences is known as
a. Wernicke’s area. b. the corpus callosum. c. the occipital lobe.
d. Broca’s area.
Broca’s area.
The most important instructional goal for most American elementary schools is probably teaching
a. mathematics.
b. science.
c. reading.
d. problem solving.
reading.
Which of the following requires convergent thinking?
a. Finding the sum of 398 + 471.
b. Naming all the different ways you can think of to use a paper cup.
c. Discussing what the world would be like if there were no longer any automobiles.
d. Drawing as many pictures as you can, starting with two parallel lines.
Finding the sum of 398 + 471.
Along with below average intelligence, an individual’s __________ is considered to determine whether that individual has an intellectual disability.
a. adaptive behavior b. divergent thinking
c. emotional health d. physical development
adaptive behavior.
Which of the following represents the order in which the first steps to speech are taken?
a. cooing, intonation, first word, babbling b. babbling, cooing, intonation, first word c. cooing, intonation, babbling, first word
d. cooing, babbling, intonation, first word
cooing, babbling, intonation, first word
The first deliberate attempts to initiate communication with others typically emerge at
a. birth. b. 5 months. c. 10 months.
d. 15 months.
10 months.
Activities that improve memory are called
a. information processing.
b. memory strategies.
c. sensory memory.
d. working memory.
memory strategies.
To be considered intellectually gifted, an individual must receive an IQ score of __________ or greater on an intelligence test.
a. 70 b. 100 c. 130
d. 160
130
Which of the following statements about the Stanford-Binet intelligence test is TRUE?
a. The Stanford-Binet IQ scores can be used to compare children of different ages.
b. Educators have not found the Stanford-Binet to be useful.
c. The Stanford-Binet is no longer a popular test.
d. The Stanford-Binet is a group intelligence test.
The Stanford-Binet IQ scores can be used to compare children of different ages.
At what age do infants generally experience a naming explosion during which they learn new words, particularly names of objects, much more rapidly?
a. around their first birthday b. about 18 months
c. around their second birthday
d. during the preschool years
about 18 months
When older children (age 4) talk to younger children (age 2) they use
a. simpler grammar but not more attention-getting words.
b. more attention-getting words but not simpler grammar.
c. simpler grammar and more attention-getting words.
d. their own speech. Four-year-old children do not alter their speech when talking to younger children.
simpler grammar and more attention-getting words
The process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words is known as
a. word recognition.
b. comprehension.
c. phonological awareness.
d. decoding.
comprehension.
___________ refers to the ability to perceive relations among stimuli whereas ___________ comprises a person’s culturally influenced accumulated knowledge and skills.
a. Fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
b. Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
c. Interpersonal intelligence; intrapersonal intelligence
d. Spatial intelligence; existential intelligence
Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
Lisa is very good at using her own and others’ emotions for solving problems and living happily. Lisa is high in
a. existential intelligence. b. naturalistic intelligence. c. linguistic intelligence.
d. emotional intelligence.
emotional intelligence.
Carter’s vocabulary consists primarily of words like dog, mom, up, bottle, cookie, and go. Carter is using
a. a referential style of language. b. an expressive style of language. c. overextension.
d. underextension.
a referential style of language.
When young children are learning new words, they
a. require many presentations of the new word to learn the correct referent.
b. systematically consider all possible hypotheses about the connection between the word and the correct referent.
c. are more likely to learn an object’s name when adults look at the object while saying its name.
d. do not use sentence cues.
are more likely to learn an object’s name when adults look at the object while saying its name.
By ________, most children know the numbers to 20.
a. age 2
b. age 3
c. age 4
d. age 5
age 4
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences is based on all of the following EXCEPT
a. research in child development. b. intelligence test scores. c. studies of exceptionally talented people.
d. studies of brain-damaged persons.
intelligence test scores.
Higher IQ scores in children are associated with home environments
a. that provide more opportunities.
b. that include few toys. c. where a father is absent.
d. where both parents work outside the home.
that provide more opportunities.
The __________ approach says that children master grammar by imitating speech that they hear.
a. behaviorist b. linguistic c. cognitive
d. social interaction
behaviorist
According to the cognitive approach, children learn grammar by all of the following EXCEPT
a. relying on language-specific mechanisms.
b. noting regularities in speech.
c. participating in linguistically rich interactions.
d. using semantic bootstrapping.
using semantic bootstrapping.