was/were going to
would
Perfect modals
past expectation/past regrets
past &
past Participle
100

I ______________ (call) you last night, but my phone battery completely died.

was going to call

100

She ______________ ( feel sure /get) the promotion, but the company hired an outside candidate instead.

felt sure she would get 

100

The streets are soaking wet this morning. It_____________(rain) heavily overnight. ( High certainty)

must have rained

100

I failed the grammar quiz. I ____________________( review) the notes before class. 

should have reviewed 

100

speak

spoke  spoken

200

They ______________ (fly) to Paris, but their flight got canceled due to bad weather.

were going to fly

200

They ________________(assume / arrive) before sunset, but heavy traffic delayed them by three hours. 

assumed they would arrive 

200

She isn't answering her phone. She______________(leave) it on silent in the car ( possibility)

might have left / could have left 

200

You look exhausted today. You_____________________( not/ stay) up until 3 AM playing video games. 

shouldn't have stayed 

200

choose   &   take 

chose  / chosen 

took / taken 

300

She ______________ (buy) a new laptop, but she decided to save her money instead

was going to buy

300

We______________ (figure / need) only two gallons of paint, but the walls absorbed way more tha expected.

figured we would need 

300

I can't find my keys anywhere! I ______________ (drop) them when I got out of the taxi.(possibility)

might have dropped/ coud have dropped 

300

We _______________(leave) the house earlier; now we are stuck in rush-hour traffic. 

should have left

300

fly     forget      keep

flew  /  flown 

 forgot  / forgotten 

kept / kept 

400

We ______________ (eat) at the Italian bistro, but it was closed for renovations.

were going to eat

400

I ______________ (think/ save) enough money for a trip, but I had to pay for unexpected car repairs.

thought I would save

400

He aced the final exam with a perfect score. He ______________ (study) for weeks. (Logical deduction)

must have studied

400

They________________( assume / the restaurant / accept ) credit cards, but it turned out to be a cash-only place. 

assumed the restaurant would accept 

400

MUST    SELL   SIT 

HAD TO / HAD TO 

SOLD / SOLD

SAT / SAT 

500

He ______________ (study) all night for the exam, but he fell asleep on the couch at 8 PM.

was going to study

500

He_______________(believe/ pass) the driving test on his first try, but he failed the parallel parking section.

believed he would pass

500

They missed the last train home. They ______________ (take) an Uber, but they opted to walk instead.( past option available)

could have taken 

500

We _______________________(feel confident / the weather / improve ) by the afternoon, but it kept raining all day long. 

felt confident the weather would improve 

500

Be able to         sink           grow      hold      pay 

was / were able to        been able to 

sank           sunk 

grew  grown 

held    held 

paid   paid