Chapter 10
The ability to understand the emotions of others, regulate the expression of emotions, and empathize with others are all elements of this broad concept
What is emotional intelligence
What is parental sensitivity
This is what we would call the experience of feeling sad when you see someone else who is upset and experiencing a difficult time.
What is empathy
This is a way that teachers can influence differences in academic achievement between boys and girls
Teachers may use differential assessment, encouragement, or attention level; BUT may be aware of gender bias and can positively promote academic achievement across genders
This is an example of a prosocial display rule
Many possible answers! Anything that describes faking an emotion to protect another person's feelings
This is an example of something that could change an infant/child's attachment style
Many answers! Could be negatively changed by death, divorce, major change to the family/environment.
Could be positively changed through an intervention, increase in parental education, experience with high-quality childcare
This term refers to an internal regulatory mechanism that encourages complying with rules and standards and refraining from inappropriate behaviour
What is the conscience
This term refers to mental representations about gender that guide behaviour and thoughts
what are gender schemas
This term refers to an infant's ability to use a parent's facial expression or tone of voice to interpret an unfamiliar situation.
What is social referencing
This term refers to a child's mental representation of their self worth, what they can expect from their attachment figure(s), and their views on relationships
What is an internal working model of attachment
This is a way that caregivers can help to develop prosocial behaviour in children
What is through 1) modeling and communicating values, 2) providing opportunities for prosocial activities, 3) discipline and parenting style
This is an example a difference we see in cognitive abilities or academic achievement between boys and girls
Many possible answers: academic achievement, verbal skills, some spatial skills, STEM careers
This describes the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later mental and physical health
In general higher ACE score = greater risk of negative outcomes
BUT also some research that certain types of ACEs can lead to certain negative outcomes
These are the behaviours we would see from a 'secure' attached infant in the strange situation task
What is using the caregiver as a secure base, showing distress when the caregiver leaves, easily comforted when they return
This is evidence that there is somewhat of a genetic aspect to individual differences in prosocial behaviour
What is the finding that identical twins are more similar that fraternal twins in prosocial behaviour, and temperament contributes to differences in prosocial behaviour
If a young boy enjoys playing with dolls and doing ballet, this would be considered _____-typed behaviours.
What is cross-gender-typed