Legal Battles
This 1923 Supreme Court case said Asian Indians couldn't become citizens
What is U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind?
Most Asian Indian immigrants came from this region of India
What is Punjab?
Most Asian Indian men in California married women from this ethnic background
What is Mexican?
Discussion question: The court said Asian Indians were Caucasian but not white, what does this say about race as a concept?
Social / political concept, not based off biology or science
Asian Indians in America fought for independence for their homeland against this country
What is Britain?
Discussion question: What happened to Asian Indians after they lost citizenship in 1923 and how did it affect them?
Could not bring their families, many commit suicide, returned to Indian, felt isolated with no home country
Asian Indian farm workers were organized into these groups, traveling and working together
What are gangs?
Discussion question: Many Asian Indians struggled with alcoholism. What reasons lead to this and how did the system affect individual behavior like this?
Caused isolation, discrimination leading to negative coping mechanisms
Americans called all Asian Indians by this religious term, even though most weren't actually this religion
What is Hindu?
This party was founded in San Francisco in 1911 to fight for Indian independence
What is the Ghadr party?
After the Thind decision, this California law prevented Asian Indians from owning land
What is the Alien Land Law?
Discussion question: Japanese and Indian workers originally did not get along. What changed and how did their solidarity improve their communities?
Realized common struggles, broke stereotypes, worked together against the common enemy, created power and unity
Most Asian Indians in America belonged to this religion
What is Sikh?
Discussion question: Why does Asian Indians being identified with the wrong religion matter and how did that affect them?
Oppression and white supremacy was worldwide, revealed major systematic problems and racial hierachies
To get around land laws, Asian Indians put land in the names of these white helpers.
What are front men?
Asian Indian farmers grew these two main crops
What are rice and cotton?
Asian Indian children in Mexican families called their father's Punjabi bachelor friends by this family term
What are uncles?
In 1907, white workers forced 700 Asian Indians out of this Washington town
What is Bellingham?
The Ghadr party's name meant this in English
What is revolution?
The Supreme Court said white person should be defined by this
What is the understanding of the common man?