Ott & Mack/Hobbs
This approach to understanding of media is characterized by the following: attitude: skeptical; approach: humanistic; assessment: political; ambition: social justice
What is a critical approach to media studies?
According to Lippmann, this is how we find order in our confusing world; it's a short cut for understanding and made up of our projections of our own values, positions, rights upon the world, and is related to feelings.
What is a "stereotype"?
These are the implicit biases we all have, and are often unaware of.
What are "mind bugs"?
Sociologists Omi and Winant argue that history compels us to view race the most important aspect of identity, as ____.
What is "a master category"?
According to Ott and Mack, the categorizations of "somatic" and "mediation" are _____.
What are "the two ways that we know things?"
This is one specific way of making sense of complex data about the world; it often implies that there is "true order" of our world that is inherent (and not socially constructed by humans)
What is Dyer's explanation of stereotypes as "ordering processes"?
This is a test that social scientists developed to measure whether someone has implicit bias, and has garnered some criticism (from Majeed and others).
What is "the Implicit Association Test (IAT)"?
Race can be used to oppress and divide, but some racialized groups use it in positive ways, to ___. One example is civil rights movements.
What is "resist marginalization and domination?"
Dyer writes, "There is no more powerful position than that of being ____" (p. 2).
What is "'just' human"?
Understanding how media work; being skeptical of and avoiding false or misleading sources; being attuned to power dynamics; being aware of big-picture relationships in society; actively taking part in understanding, creating, and spreading media content
What are "some benefits of media literacy"?
These are specific modes of characterization in media. The first are "types," indicated through a few easily discernible characteristics that don't change much; the second are "novelistic characters," which are more complex and tied to stories, so they're more compelling.
What are "stereotypes as two different types of 'references' to the world"?
Articulated by Kahn and Majeed, this is how some scientists attempt to locate racist ideas in the brain and come up with biochemical and other science-based solutions.
What is "biologizing racism"?
According to Omi and Winant, this is "the sociohistorical process by which racial identities are created, lived out, transformed, and destroyed" (p. 109).
What is "racial formation"?
Whiteness is _____ but white people are ____ in media.
What are "invisible" and "overrepresented"?
This entails the knowledge, skills, habits of mind required for full participation in media-saturated society; the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, create messages in various form. It is a dynamic and lifelong process involves an awareness of media/tech.
What are "some definitions of media literacy"?
This issue arises from Lippmann's reference to "our" tradition, and ties into the assumption of consensus that then leads to stereotypes (when, in actuality, stereotypes often come first!)
What is "the problem of in-group/out-group, or 'us' vs. 'them' thinking?
This is Majeed's proposed solution to biologizing racism, and it involves looking at both the brain and the surrounding environment.
What is "situated cognition"?
This is "the extension of racial meaning to a previously racially unclassified relationship, social practice, or group" (p. 111).
What is "racialization"?
Whiteness studies arose from queer, labor, and feminist studies, suggesting that _____.
What is "people who experience marginalization can see whiteness better."
This occurs when there is too much pressure on individuals to educate themselves, and when larger power structures and culture are ignored. A possible solution is a media ecology approach.
What are "limitations of media literacy"?
This is the most important function of a stereotype.
What is "to maintain sharp boundary definitions, and who is 'in' or 'out' of a particular group"?
This is Majeed's explanation as to why many scientists, even those with good intentions, fall into the trap of biologizing racism, which "obscures the cultural and institutional structures that continue to prop up racist attitudes and behaviour" (p. 620).
What is "a framing issue"?
Omi and Winant believe that race is neither ____, meaning biological, nor ____, meaning ideological, but rather, somewhere in between.
What are "essence" and "illusion"?
This is the condition of having everyone give you the benefit of the doubt; being able to get a good response at schools and hospitals; and not being judged for your race specifically, even if you experience disadvantagae in other areas of your life.
What is "white privilege"?