Word Structure
he prefix hyper- means excessive or high, while this opposite prefix means less than normal or low.
What is hypo-?
Toward the head of an animal is cranial, while toward the tail end is this directional term.
What is caudal?
This body system protects against foreign invaders and is made up of the lymphatic system, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.
What is the immune system?
Listening to heart and lung sounds using a stethoscope is known by this clinical term.
What is auscultation?
The standard patient exam abbreviation TPR stands for Temperature, Pulse, and this.
What is Respiration?
In the term electrocardiogram, the combining vowel used to connect word parts for easier pronunciation is this letter.
What is "o"?
In veterinary anatomy, the human directional term "anterior" corresponds to this veterinary term.
What is ventral?
Ruminants like cattle have a polygastric stomach divided into four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and this fourth compartment.
What is the abomasum?
This diagnostic blood test determines the percentage or proportion of whole blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
What is Packed Cell Volume (PCV) or Hematocrit (HCT)?
A prescription reading "per os" indicates that medication should be administered by this route.
What is orally (by mouth)?
This surgical suffix means to create an incision or cut into an organ or tissue, whereas -ectomy means to completely remove it.
What is -tomy?
The bottom surface of a dog's front paw is called palmar, but the bottom surface of its hind paw is called this.
What is plantar?
Horses undergo roughage fermentation in their large cecum and colon, making them this type of fermenter.
What is a hindgut fermenter?
This piece of clinic equipment spins fluid samples at high speeds to separate their components.
What is a centrifuge?
If a prescription states a medication should be given "QID," it must be administered this many times per day.
What is four times a day?
The double-R suffix -rrhaphy means to suture, while this double-R suffix means a bursting forth, such as with blood.
What is -rrhagia (or -rrhage)?
This anatomical plane divides an animal into equal right and left halves.
What is the median (or mid-sagittal) plane?
In birds, food passes directly from the esophagus into this storage organ before moving to the gizzard.
What is the crop?
An injection delivered into the tissue layer between the skin and the muscle is abbreviated SubQ or Sc, which stands for this.
What is subcutaneous?
An intact female horse over four years old is called a mare, but an intact female horse under four years old is called this.
What is a filly?
Breaking down the term gastroenteritis into its parts yields two root words meaning these two digestive structures, plus a suffix meaning inflammation.
What are the stomach (gastr/o) and intestines (enter/o)?
When a patient is positioned lying flat on its back for surgery, it is placed in this type of recumbency.
What is dorsal recumbency?
This skin condition in horses is caused by a bacterial infection that multiplies in moist environments, forming raised scabby crusts.
What is rainrot?
When an animal experiences hypovolemic shock, this immediate hospital protocol must be started to restore blood pressure.
What is administering IV fluids (fluid therapy)?
In feline and canine eye treatments, the abbreviation "OU" means this.
What is both eyes?