evolutionary processes
which evolutionary process can solely increase genetic variation?
mutation
type of RIM that starts allopatric speciation
geographic
divergence on 'steroids' is known as
adaptive radiation
Change in allele frequency from one generation to the next; due to chance events
Genetic drift (impacts small populations more)
common ancestor around 7mya split into humans and chimpanzees by natural selection and ecological isolation... pattern of evolution is
type of natural selection which could result in a divergence
disruptive selection
ecological
when two not-directly-related species evolve similar phenotypes due to occupying similar ecological niches
convergence
homologous structures
bananas are a triploid species that is infertile... what sort of polyploid is banana?
Small population moves and genetic diversity reduced
founder effect
differing mating calls, recognition of colours or pheromones.
behavioural RIM
when two unrelated species impose selection pressures on each other influencing the evolution of each other
coevolution
structures of differing genetic lineage that have similar functions
analogous structures
horses and donkeys mate to produce an infertile mule... what sort of RIM is this?
hybrid sterility
what evolutionary process must stop for speciation to occur
gene flow
in animals, what won't fit into each other for structural isolation
genitals
rapid speciation followed by long periods of stasis (evidence is few transitional fossils)
punctuated equilibrium
When hybrid offspring show increased fitness, survival, growth, or reproductive success compared to their parent species.
Hybrid vigour
allopatric
selection pressure
an example of a postzygotic RIM
allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy are what types of speciation
instant
A group of organisms that can breed with each other and produce fertile offspring.
Species
convergence