Picture This
This hypothesis explains that one word (of a pair) is easier to remember because concrete nouns create images that other words can “hang onto”.
What is the conceptual-peg hypothesis?
These type of studies show that people access ambiguous words based on the meaning dominance of each definition of the word.
What are lexical ambiguity studies?
If we are too warm on a hot day and use a piece of paper to fan ourselves, then we have demonstrated overcoming this common barrier to problem solving.
What is functional fixedness?
This type of reasoning is when we draw a general conclusion from a specific example.
What is inductive reasoning?
There are this many morphemes in the word "happiness."
What are two?
This type of measure times how long participants take to complete a task, e.g. identify whether a 3D object is the same or different at increasing degrees of rotation.
What is mental chronometry?
"The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families." is an example of this type of sentence.
What is a garden-path sentence?
This is the term for using our acquired knowledge from previous problems to solve newly encountered problems.
What is analogical transfer?
This account of decision making posits that humans are economically rational and will make the best decisions when given all the information.
What is expected utility theory?
When we mistakenly evaluate an argument as being valid because it sounds probable, we are engaging in this bias.
What is belief bias?
If we fail to shave half our face, or eat food from only one side of our plate, we may have this cognitive impairment.
What is unilateral neglect?
This type of conversational practice includes both old and novel information, which helps to establish shared knowledge between conversational partners.
What is the given-new contract?
If we want to determine the area of a wall, we would multiply height by width. This is an example of this type of problem.
What is a well-defined problem?
You flip a coin 10 times in a row, and it turns up heads every time. this time, you are convinced that the coin will turn up tails. This is an example of what type of fallacious thinking?
What is the gambler's fallacy?
This type of invalid syllogism, Q, therefore P, is more difficult to accurately evaluate.
What is affirming the consequent?
These types of neurons respond to both an actual image, and to our cognitive representation of images in the absence of bottom-up (visual) stimuli.
What are imagery neurons?
This hypothesis states that language influences thought, and that differences between languages result in differences in cognition.
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
These are the 2 main functions of gestalt problem solving.
What are representation and restructuring?
If you are feeling sad, don’t make financial decisions, because you are more likely to make these 2 mistakes.
What is pay more and sell for less?
To test the validity of a rule, you must look for situations that violate the rule.
What is the falsification principle?
This school of thought in psychology branded the study of visual imagery as "unproductive" because visual images are the result of introspection and therefore impossible to scientifically verify.
What is the Behaviourist movement?
This type of inference allows readers to make connection between objects and people in different phrases, such as: "Julia was a famous chef. She was known for her TV cooking show."
What is an anaphoric inference?
Experts outperform novices at identifying these types of similarities between problems.
What are structural similarities?
When we select between options that are framed in terms of gains, such as saving lives, we are more likely to adopt this strategy.
What is risk-aversion?
Without the help of context, we are likely to be relatively slower to process words with this type of dominance, like pitcher or straw.
What is balanced dominance?