Reading the periodic table
Electron configurations
Chemical Bonds
Hydrocarbons
Skills
100
I have 20 protons - what is my name?
Calcium
100
Define valence electrons
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
100
Identify the correct chemical formula for the dot diagram provided:
A. C₂H₂
B. CH₄
C. C₂H₄
D. C₂H₆
D. C₂H₆
100
What homologous series/hydrocarbon family does a hydrocarbon belong to with double bonds between carbons?
Alkenes
100
To ensure validity in investigations we must:
control all variables other than the independent variable. This means we truly test what we are aiming to test.
200
I have an atomic mass of 9.012, how many neutrons do I have?
5 Neutrons
200
Define valency.
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
200
Which pair of elements is most likely to form a covalent bond?
A. Sodium and Chlorine
B. Hydrogen and Oxygen
C. Magnesium and Oxygen
D. Potassium and Bromine
B. Hydrogen and Oxygen (only two non-metals)
200
What is the stem IUPAC name for a hydrocarbon with 6 carbons
HEX
200
To ensure an experiment is reliable we must:
Have multiple trials and the trials are producing similar/consistent results
300
The smallest number of the periodic tile tells you what? (3 THINGS)
The identity of an element
The number of protons
The number of electrons
300
I am a metal atom with 3 valence electrons. Will I become and anion or cation when I form an ionic bond.
cation +3 because it will lose three electrons.
300
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Because the strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions require a lot of energy to break
300
What is the general formula for an alkyne:
1. CₙH₂ₙ
2. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
3. CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
3. CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
300
Identify three errors from the method below:
Place the calorimeter onto the retort stand using a clamp as shown in figure 1.
Pour distilled water into the calorimeter.
Record the initial temperature (ºC) of the water using the thermometer and record in the result table.
Fill a spirit burner with ethanol and place it below the calorimeter.
Light the wick using a match.
Burn the ethanol.
Record our final temperature (ºC) of the water using the thermometer and record in the result table.
Extinguish the flame.
Repeat steps 2-8 using propanol, and then using butanol.
Doesn’t say how much water (not valid)
Doesn’t say how much fuel (not valid)
Doesn’t say how long to burn it for (not valid)
Not reliable - only one trial done
400
Name at least 5 of the first 20 elements in 20 seconds.
hydrogen, helium, lithium, berrylium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, flourine, neon, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, argon.
400
Compare complete and incomplete combustion (similarity and difference)
Similarity
Both complete and incomplete combustion involve a fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) reacting with oxygen to release energy.
Difference
Complete combustion happens when there is plenty of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water.
Incomplete combustion happens when there is limited oxygen, producing carbon monoxide (CO) and/or carbon (soot) along with water.
400
Write the formula for the ionic compound formed between Calcium and Oxygen
Ca + 2 O -2
CaO
400
Name the hydrocarbon shown:
But-1-ene
400
Identify the IV DV and 2 CV from the following investigation:
Place the calorimeter onto the retort stand using a clamp as shown in figure
Pour distilled water into the calorimeter.
Record the initial temperature (ºC) of the water using the thermometer and record in the result table.
Fill a spirit burner with ethanol and place it below the calorimeter.
Light the wick using a match.
Burn the ethanol.
Record our final temperature (ºC) of the water using the thermometer and record in the result table.
Extinguish the flame.
Repeat steps 2-8 using propanol, and then using butanol.
IV: type of fuel/hydrocarbon
DV: change in water temperature ºC
CV: same volume of fuel, same volume of water, same initial temperature of water, same height of water above burner
500
I have a valency of +3, what does this mean?
It can lose three electrons from its outer shell when forming bonds.
This creates a positive charge of +3 on the ion, because it now has three more protons than electrons.
500
Explain what a noble gas configuration is and describe how elements achieve this stable electron arrangement.
A noble gas configuration is a stable arrangement of electrons where the outer shell is full, usually with 8 electrons. This type of configuration is found in the noble gases (Group 18 on the periodic table), such as neon or argon, which are already stable and do not need to form bonds.
Other elements try to achieve this same stability by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons through chemical bonding. For example, sodium (Na) has 1 electron in its outer shell. It loses that electron to have a full second shell (like neon), becoming more stable.
Oxygen (O) has 6 electrons in its outer shell and needs 2 more to fill it, so it forms bonds to gain 2 electrons. In this way, atoms bond to achieve the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas, making them more stable.
500
Draw the electron sharing in a molecule of oxygen gas (O₂).
500
Draw on the board the following hydrocarbon: Oct-2-ene
CH₃–CH=CH–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃ --> see screenshot image
500
RUTAC and write a plan to the following question:
Evaluate which fuel would be the most suitable choice for fire pit that needs to burn for a long time. Refer to Table 1 in your response.
Fuel Energy Released-->Time Taken to Burn 1 g--> Average Heat Output
Ethanol 29 2 14.5 Propanol 33 4 8.25 Butanol 37 6 6.17
Provides a judgement of which fuel is the suitable choice
Provides reasoning to support judgement (longest burn time)
Explains one benefit of a fuel using data from the table to support their answer
Explains one limitation of a fuel using data from the table to support their answer