Chemistry
What is dihydrogen monoxide more commonly known as?
Water
Name the 3 types of rocks
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
The mitochondria create what molecule, also known as the universal energy source? (For double points, what does the acronym stand for?)
ATP or Adenosine triphosphate
Name at least 2 of the 4 forces that hold the universe together. For double the points, name all 4 forces.
Gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force
Which planet, the hottest in our solar system, spins the opposite direction of all the other planets?
Venus
What is the name for the process in which a solid turns directly into a gas?
Sublimation
What blueish-purple semi-precious gemstone is very rare and primarily found in the country of Tanzania?
Tanzanite
Which cell organelle reads RNA and uses the information to create proteins?
Ribosomes
Explain the difference between nuclear fusion and fission and give an example of each
fission is breaking apart atoms to unlock energy, like in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs; fusion is smashing atoms together to make bigger atoms and unlock energy, which is the process that powers stars
What is the theoretical opposite of a black hole and what does it do?
A white hole; spits vast quantities of matter out at such immense speeds that nothing can enter it.
Which element with the chemical symbol of Hg was originally known as hydrargyrum?
Mercury
What ancient mountain range, named after the super continent in formed on, was comprised of the modern Appalachian mountains, Scottish Highlands, Caledonian mountains, Atlas Mountains, etc.?
The Central Pangean Mountains
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What does the equation E=mc2 actually mean, how is it used, or what do the variables stand for? (You only have to answer one of these questions to get full points)
Energy (E) = mass (m) times the speed of light (c) squared. It means that all matter is made up of an enormous amount of energy/stores huge amounts of potential energy. It is used in the fields of nuclear power to explain how much energy is held within atoms.
Neutron stars are so dense that a teaspoon on their material would weight __ million tons
10
What are the names for positively and negatively charged ions?
-anion +cation
Which geological time period that began 358.9 million years ago, during which large coal deposits formed?
Carboniferous
For 100 points each, what are the 4 chemical building blocks, AKA nucleotides, of DNA? (Hint: A, T, G, C)
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Briefly explain quantum superposition (AKA Schrödinger's cat)
A quantum particle exists in all possible states simultaneously until it is measures; a cat in a sealed box is both alive and dead until you open the box
Two of the most massive geological features in the solar system are found on Mars: a canyon that would stretch the entire length of the United States and an extinct volcano 3 times the height of Mount Everest. For 200 points each, name them.
Mariner Valley and Olympus Mons
Double points! Balance this chemical equation:
___ K + ___ B2O3 --> ___ K2O + ___ B
6, 1, 3, 2
Both rubies and sapphires are gem-variety versions of the exact same mineral species. What is it?
Corundum (Al₂O₃)
All amino acids contain 4 elements. Name at least 2 of them
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What is string theory?
A theoretical and mathematical framework that suggest the smallest building blocks in the universe, which build things like quarks and electrons, are really one-dimensional strings of vibrating energy. How they vibrate determines what they build, just like how differences in vibrations on guitar strings create different notes.
1 Astronomical Unit (AU), is the average distance between the Earth to the sun, which is about how many miles?
Roughly 93 million