The brain and behavior
This part of the brain is associated with converting short-term episodic and declarative memory into long-term memory.
Amygdala
A control often used by biologists to determine if just getting a treatment was enough to change the behavior
Placebo
What is the term that means the extent to which variations in behavior can be attributed to genetic factors?
Heritability
What is a key amino acid in the building of serotonin?
Tryptophan
What hormone is found in greater amounts in males than in females?
testosterone
The hippocampus is associated with storing what type of long-term memory?
episodic or declarative
Name two characteristics of a case study.
Method triangulation; no independent variable is manipulated; usually longitudinal; done in a naturalistic setting; in-depth with rich qualitative and quantitative data.
What are the terms for fraternal and identical twins?
Dizygotic and monozygotic
The correlation between serotonin and antisocial behaviors is _______________
Negative
What study investigated the role of testosterone’s effect on the amygdala?
Radke et al
Rosenzweig & Bennett and Maguire both carried out studies that demonstrated what brain phenomenon?
Neuroplasticity
What is one limitation of the use of brain scan techniques?
The environment may lead to artifacts; colors exaggerate the effects on the brain; researcher bias; low ecological validity in fMRIs.
Why are the concordance rates for MZ twins often not 100%?
Because of epigenetics. Even though the twins have the same genes, the genes might not be equally expressed because they have been exposed to different environmental stimuli.
What is the study that should be used for the following topics?
Neurotransmitters
Agonist
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Neural network
Passamonti et al
What is the key difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone?
A neurotransmitter is released from the terminal buttons of a neuron and are only found in the brain; a hormone is secreted by a gland and enters the bloodstream.
This techniques is used to study brain activity while a person is completing a task
fMRI
Twin and kinship studies are most likely to use what approach to research?
Correlational studies
What is the basic goal of evolution?
To pass on our genes to ensure the survival of the species
Two characteristics of how serotonin works in the synapse are
Inhibitory neurotransmitter, endogenous agonist
In the stress response, what is the role of cortisol? Name one
Cortisol is the energy producer that works together with adrenaline in the stress response. It increases blood sugar and metabolizes fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Also helps consolidate memories.
The juggler study by Draganski found that in addition to new neural connections being found, neural connections that were not used are “discarded.” What is the name of that process?
Synaptic pruning
Which approach to research was used by Passamonti et al., 2012 in their study? (include the research design)
Repeated measures true-experiment (double-blind)
State two limitations of evolutionary arguments of behavior.
They assume that behavior is inherited and based on genes – and is therefore reductionist. Do not establish cause and effect. Often cannot be empirically tested. Makes comparisons to animals which may not be appropriate for human behavior.
What are two ways that a neurotransmitter can be removed from the synaptic gap?
Enzymes may break it down or the neurotransmitter is returns to the terminal buttons – a process called “reuptake.”
What putative pheromone is linked with higher levels of aggression in females and reduced levels of aggression in males.
Hexadecenal