Ossification
This type of ossification forms the flat bones of the skull
intramembranous ossification
Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from the small intestine
Vitamin D
These cells are responsible for building new bone matrix
osteoblasts
This disorder is characterized by soft bones and bowed legs in children
Rickets
This is the main structural unit of compact bone.
What is an Osteon?
What is the "template" that endochondral ossification uses to form most bones
a hyaline cartilage model
Explain how weight-bearing exercise helps to strengthen bones.
Mechanical stress from exercise stimulates osteoblasts to build new bone
This type of cell breaks down or resorbs old bone tissue.
Osteoclasts
What is a major risk factor for osteoporosis related to diet
A long-term lack of calcium and/or Vitamin D
This hollow channel at the center of the osteon contains blood vessels and nerves.
Describe the process of bone formation for intramembranous ossification
Intramembranous forms bone directly from a fibrous membrane
What general role do hormones play in bone growth and remodeling
They regulate the activity of bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells to maintain bone homeostasis
This cell is a mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix.
osteocytes
Name at least two factors that make a person more likely to develop osteoporosis
Being post-menopausal, having a small body frame, smoking, or a sedentary lifestyle.
These are the rings of bone matrix that surround the central canal.
Concentric lamellae
Describe the process of bone formation: endochondral ossification
endochondral replaces a hyaline cartilage model with bone
What role does Vitamin C play in bone growth?
Vitamin C is needed to form collagen fibers
These cells live in small spaces called lacunae within the bone matrix.
Osteocytes
What is rickets primarily caused by?
severe deficianecy of Vit D + calcium
These are tiny canals that connect osteocytes to each other and to the central canal, allowing for communication and nutrient exchange.
canaliculi
what is the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
Intramembranous forms bone directly from a fibrous membrane, whereas endochondral replaces a cartilage model with bone
How does the growth hormone (GH) promote bone growth?
It stimulates osteoblasts, promotes calcium absorptions in small intesting, stimulates cartilage growth at epiphyseal growth area
This is the process of bone formation that osteoblasts perform
Ossification
This disorder is characterized by a loss of bone matrix and minerals, making bones porous, brittle, and prone to fractures
osteoporosis
This type of lamellae forms the individual rings of an osteon
concentric lamellae