MITOCHONDRIA
What is tiny structure inside a cell that has a specific job/function for the cell
Organelle
What is the outer part of a plant cell that gives it its support?
Cell Wall
What is the control center of the cell that directs all cell activities?
Nucleus.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down/recycle food and old organelles.
How do we calculate the image size of a bacteria if we have a photograph of it?
Using a ruler.
What is a group of similar cells working together?
Tissue
The major substance that a cell wall is made up of?
Cellulose.
What is the structure that carries out the process of photosynthesis?
Chloroplast.
Why can't we see the details of an organelle using a light microscope?
What are the 4 levels of organization in a multicellular organism in order of smallest to largest?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system.
What is a group of organs working together to perform a major function for an organism?
Organ System
What is the inner structure of a plant cell that helps keep its shape?
Permanent Vacuole.
What is the structure that makes proteins for the cell?
What is the structure involved in aerobic respiration?
Ribosomes.
Mitochondria.
What is the protoplasm?
Nucleus and cytoplasm together.
How to calculate magnification if we have the actual size and image size?
Divide image size by actual size.
What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the permanent vacuole?
- Is it freely or selectively permeable?
Tonoplast
- Selectively permeable.
What is the reason why the inner membrane of the mitochondria is so important to its function
It is folded up to create more surface area for cellular respiration.
Which structure is involved in apoptosis? What is apoptosis?
Lyososomes.
Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
What are the three things the permanent vacuole does for the cell?
1. Store food/water.
2. Break down waste products.
3. Support the plant cell.
Convert 500 nanometers (nm) to micrometers (µm)
1 µm=1000 nm
So,
500 nm÷1000=0.5 µm
500 nm = 0.5 µm
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
The endosymbiotic theory suggests that certain organelles in our cells, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, were once independent bacteria. A long time ago, these bacteria were absorbed by larger cells, but instead of being digested, they formed a mutual relationship with the host cell. Over time, the bacteria became part of the cell, evolving into the organelles we have today.
Describe the structure of the rough and smooth ER.
Rough ER = network of membranes that contains ribosomes.
Smooth ER = series of tubes without ribosomes.
What is the structure that modifies proteins and transports it to the membrane for exocytosis?
Golgi Apparatus.
Explain how proteins like insulin are released from the cell (explain ALL steps).
1. Proteins are produced in Rough ER.
2. Travel to golgi by transport vesicle where they get modified.
3. By secretory vesicle they go to the cell membrane where they fuse with it to release the protein to the outside (exocytosis).
1. What is the role of the capsule? flagellum? Do we find this in prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
2. How are prokaryotic ribosomes different from eukaryotic ones?
1. Capsule = protection against the immune system/antibodies/antibiotics
- Prevents the cell from drying out.
Flagellum = allows the bacteria to move.
- Capsule is found in prokaryotes
- Flagellum is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
2. Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s and smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes which are 80s.