FACTS
What's the time period of the Middle Ages?
450-1450
What is the name of the earliest form of music notation?
Neumatic Notation
What does the word "polyphony" mean? (simple definition)
Many sounds
(adding a second voice)
What language were the chants sung in during the Middle Ages?
Latin
What music notation system do we use today?
5 Line Staff
What's another name for the Middle Ages?
Medieval Period
What are neumes? (Neumatic Notation)
Symbols (straight or curved lines) to represent the melody of music
What are the 2 periods of polyphony called?
1. Ars Antiqua
2. Ars Nova
What are 2 countries associated with Western Music?
Greece and Rome
TRUE OR FALSE. Polyphony was created as a result of the evolution of the Gregorian chant.
True
Musicians began to introduce a second voice that gave more depth to the religious chant.
Where did the word "music" come from?
Muses, the daughter of Zeus (Greek god)
What did the squares represent in Square Notation?
Squares were used to indicate the pitch (how high or low) of each sound
This form of polyphonic music added a second voice to the Gregorian Chant.
Organum
What were the 4 main instruments used during the Middle Ages?
1. Harp
2. Lyre
3. Lute
4. Hydraulis (organ)
What is the difference between a harp and a hydraulis?
The harp is a string instrument and the hydraulis is a keyboard instrument.
Did the Middle Ages occur BEFORE or AFTER the fall of the Roman Empire?
Name the 4 different systems of music notation in the order they were created.
1. Neumatic Notation
2. Square Notation
3. 4 Line Staff
4. 5 Line Staff
This form of polyphonic music has 2 or 3 voices and each voice has different lyrics and rhythm (all sung at the same time)
Motet
What is the difference between monophonic and polyphonic music?
Monophonic music=1 tone or melodic line being played or sung at a time
Polyphonic music=2 or more tones or melodic lines played at the same time (simultaneously)
Name the 2 French composers of Ars Nova
Machaut and Landini
What are the 4 characteristics of the Gregorian Chant?
1.
Who was Giudo d'Arezzo and why was he important in relationship to music notation?
He created the 4 Line Staff and was given credit for the 5 Line Staff. He also named each note of the scale.
Léonin and Pérotin
Music was usually linked to _______ and played in the _______ during the Middle Ages.
religion, church
What are the names of the 1st and 2nd voices of the organum?
1st= vox principalis
2nd= vox organalis