Steel
Annealing, quenching and tempering
What are heat treatments for steel?
The critical ratio that significantly affects the final expected strength of concrete
What is water/cement ratio?
Category of wood typically used in U.S. construction lumber
What is soft wood?
The energy required to create 1 kg of usable product
What is embodied energy?
1 foot x 1 foot x 1 inch
What is a board foot?
The unit cell configuration with 2 equivalent atoms
What is a Body Centered Cubic?
The amorphous binder that provides concrete’s strength
What is Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH)?
The limiting moisture content above which changes in moisture content have no effect on strength or size of wood
What is the Fiber Saturation Point?
Accounts for approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions
What is the carbon footprint of the construction sector?
Concrete, Wood, Steel, Asphalt, PVC and Rubber
What are engineering materials?
Low-Temperature Ferrite, High-Temperature Ferrite and Austenite
What are the allotropes of iron?
Admixture that can improve concrete workability or reduce required cement quantity
What are water reducers?
Least stable direction, with respect to the annual rings, of size change due to shrinkage and swelling
What is tangential?
1. Produced locally or regionally
2. Renewable resources
3. Little waste, low embodied energy & low environmental impact
4. Energy efficient
5. Durable
6. Suitable for reuse or recycling
7. Positive social impact
8. Affordable
What are characteristics of sustainable materials?
The point where 100% of an insoluble material transitions from liquid to solid
Eutectic
The crystalline structure defect that must be present for plastic slip to occur
What is a Line Defect?
The preferred moisture state for aggregate in a concrete mix design
What is Saturated Surface Dry?
Cause convective cooling of wood and combusts to form char
What are volatile gases that escape wood during fires?
30 to 70 years
What is the maximum rate for carbon sequestration of a tree?
The loss of workability in concrete
What is setting?
The feathery, needlelike structure of ferrite and cementite
What is Bainite?
The cement ingredient that offsets the rapid hydration of tri-calcium aluminates, C3A
What is Gypsum?
The cells in softwoods that provide all the compressive strength
What are tracheids?
Naturally occurring materials or industrial by-products that react with calcium hydroxide to form Calcium Silicate Hydrate
What are pozzolans?
What do you get when you have positively charged ions in a “sea” of electrons
What is a metallic bond?