BREATH & PRESSURE
This is the air pressure below the vocal folds.
What is subglottic breath pressure?
These paired cartilages attach to and move the vocal folds.
What are the arytenoids?
Sound travels through air as alternating patterns of these two pressure events.
What are compression and rarefaction?
This register (M1) is used for most speaking and singing.
What is modal voice?
This structure is also called the velum and separates the oral and nasal cavities in singing.
What is the soft palate?
More space in the lungs results in this change in pressure (Boyle’s Law).
What is decreased pressure?
This muscle is the only abductor of the vocal folds.
What is the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)?
The objective measurement of wave cycles per second is called this.
What is frequency?
This register (M2) involves vibration primarily of the vocal fold cover with incomplete closure.
What is falsetto?
The strongest jaw-closing muscle used for chewing is this one.
What is the masseter?
This breathing method expands ribs while keeping the abdomen responsive and pressure steady.
What is appoggio (balanced breathing)?
This muscle lengthens and thins the vocal folds to raise pitch.
What is the cricothyroid (CT)?
This phenomenon helps vocal folds close when airflow velocity increases and pressure drops.
What is the Bernoulli Effect?
This lowest register (M0) is characterized by loose closure and a creaky sound.
What is vocal fry (pulse register)?
Intrinsic tongue muscles primarily do this type of action.
What is shape the tongue (lengthen, curl, narrow, widen)?
This sensation of “running out of air” is often actually caused by this gas buildup.
What is carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
This layered structure creates the essential wave motion for healthy phonation.
What is the mucosal wave (lamina propria layers)?
Frequencies that are whole-number multiples of the fundamental are called these.
What are harmonics?
The transition zone between registers is called this.
What is the passaggio?
Over-spreading the embouchure and a high larynx often create this tonal quality.
What is an overly bright tone?
During efficient singing exhalation, these muscles gradually engage while the diaphragm does this action.
What are the abdominals and ribs engage while the diaphragm lengthens passively?
Name the four cartilages of the larynx.
What are the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, (and epiglottis)?
This term describes the collection and strength of all frequencies in a sound.
What is the spectrum?
These two muscles dynamically coordinate across register transitions and never fully “turn off.”
What are the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles?
Name the three classifications used to categorize consonants.
What are place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voiced/unvoiced?