Evolution
Is credited with the theory of natural selection
Who is Charles Darwin?
a fundamental mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
What is natural selection?
The last universal common ancestor
What is LUCA?
Lack membrane-bound nucleus and are unicellular
What are prokaryotes?
What is the last eukaryotic common ancestor
LECA
a taxonomic grouping that includes a common ancestor but not all of its descendants
What is paraphyly
A barrier that blocks fertilization from happening
What is a prezygotic barrier?
A supercontinent that existed approximately 300 to 200 million years ago, assembling all major continents into one landmass surrounded by the Panthalassa Ocean
What is Pangea?
The chloroplast originated in this bacteria
What is cyanobacteria?
The two types of reproduction
What are asexual and sexual reproduction
Remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors
What are vestigial structures
prevent hybrid zygotes from developing into viable, fertile adults
Postzygotic barrier
Occurred roughly 2.46 to 2.06 billion years ago when photosynthetic cyanobacteria released oxygen as waste, transforming Earth’s atmosphere from anaerobic to oxygen-rich
What is the Oxygen Revolution?
have simple walls, with large amounts of peptidoglycan
What are gram-positive bacteria
The Eukaryote supergroup that is associated with trypanosoma (sleeping sickness, Chagas’ disease)
What is Excavata?
when biological barriers impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring
Reproductive isolation
The concept that a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed, produce viable, fertile offspring, and do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups
What is the biological species concept?
occur when large numbers of species become extinct worldwide
Mass Extinctions
have less peptidoglycan and have more complex outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides
What are gram-negative bacteria
a complex evolutionary process primarily documented in certain dinoflagellates
What is tertiary endosymbiosis?
3 major forces alter allele frequencies directly and bring about most evolutionary change
What are natural selection, genetic drift gene flow
4 conditions for life on Earth
What is Abiotic synthesis of small organic monomers, abiotic formation of macromolecules, Protocells, Self-replicating RNA
66 million years ago, more than 50% of marine species, many families of plants and animals and all dinosaurs (except for birds) went extinct in this extinction event
the movement of genetic information between organisms
What is Horizontal Gene Transfer
Associated with holdfast, stripe, blades, floats
What are dinoflagellates?