Ancient Era
What are the names of the two sub eras we discussed in the Ancient Era?
Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era
Name the three societies we studied during the Classical Era
Rome, China, and India
Warrior Prophet and Founder of Islam
Muhammad
Refers to the long term process from 720 to 1492 by which Christian kingdoms fought to ‘reconquer’ Iberia from Muslim rule. Following the conquest of the last Muslim-ruled state in 1492, Spain immediately expulsed 200,000 Jews from Spain, and in 1502 forced Muslims to convert to Christianity or leave Spain.
What is La Reconquista?
Nickname name or other way you can call the Paleolithic Era
What is the Old Stone Age?
Difference between Legalism and Confucianism
Legalists believe that a ruler should govern with strict laws and harsh punishments to maintain order in society while Confucianists believe in building hierarchical and familial relationships with people to maintain order.
Five Pillars of Islam
1. Shahada: the belief that God is everything and Muhammad is the messenger of God (literally ‘there is nothing but God’).
2. Salah: prayer to God 5 times a day.
3. Zakat: mandatory charity to the poor.
4. Sawm: fasting from dawn until dusk during the month of Ramadan as repentance of sin.
5. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Hijjah.
Name Two Impacts of the Columbian Exchange
1. Spread of Diseases causing the death of the native population of the Americas
2. New foods introduce to the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
Lifestyle early humans used to gather food and live in the Paleolithic Era
What are nomadic hunter gathers?
One similarity between Classical Rome, India, and China
All three classical societies had bureaucracies which were permanent employees of a government who carry out policies and do the work of governing the population.
What happened after the Roman Empire collapse in 476 CE?
Incan labor system in which Amerindians provided obligatory labor to the government for one month per year, continued by the Spanish after the Inca Empire was conquered.
Mit'a System
One continuum between the Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era
Early humans continued to use stone tools. In the Neolithic Era, stone tools became more refined.
Difference between Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism argued for strict hierarchy and religious duties to ensure order in society and a better position in the next lifetime while Buddhism argued for egalitarianism and a moral code to achieve release from reincarnation.
Why did the Crusades occur?
Pope Urban II promised salvation to Catholics for fighting to take the ‘holy land’ (Jerusalem) from the Muslims.
Idea that wealth, defined by gold and silver reserves, could only be accumulated by exporting more than importing. As a result, governments supported trade by increasing taxes on imports (tariffs), removing taxes on exports, and creating exporting joint-stock companies with monopolies over certain products. These concepts were first developed by the English and Dutch governments in the 1600s.
What is Mercantilism?
Name three changes between the Paleolithic Era and Neolithic Era
Nomadic to Sedentary
Hunter gather to Agricultural
Egalitarian societies to socially stratified societies (social classes)
Two major trade networks that existed during the Classical Era
Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade Routes
Name 3 Impacts the Mongols made on Eurasian societies
1. Revitalization and protected Trade routes (Ex. Silk Roads)
2. Established Yam Postal system
3. Embraced Religious tolerance and allowed foreigners to enter society if they accepted Mongolian rule.
Name and explain the two factors that led to rise of the Ottoman Empire
Use of Janissaries, captured conscripted Christian boys that made up the bulk of the Ottoman infantry, and gunpowder led the Ottomans in successful conquests in the Early Modern Era.