Case 1
This is used to make sure the patient in this case could tolerate oral fluids to treat dehydration.
What is a popsicle test?
The standard of care for an abscess that allows for penetration of much higher levels of antimicrobial agents
What is incision and drainage
This is the pathogen associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
What is Rickettsia rickettsii
This unique bacterial phenomenon was first discovered in the genus present in this case (describe what it means)
What is quorum sensing, in which there is differential gene expression based on the bacterial cell population density
A simple test used for the detection of blood in the stool
What is a stool guiac test?
These are the top 3 antimicrobial agents used for MRSA
What are Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid
These are physical findings of RMSF
What are skin rash, fever, myalgias, vomiting, and diarrhea
These are virulence factors that are present in V. vulnificans
What are a polysaccharide capsule that evade phagocytosis, hemolysin, extracellular protease, RTX toxin that forms pores in cell membranes, iron acquisition mechanisms
These are the major agents of bloody diarrhea
What is Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Shiga producing E. coli
The mode of resistance in MRSA
What is PBP2a encoded by mecA or mecC genes
These are relevant lab work results in RMSF
What are hyponatremia, low platelet counts, and increased coagulation times
These are conditions that make a person more susceptible and allow for infection of V. vulnificans
What are the summer months in the seawater of the Gulf of Mexico, hepatic cirrhosis, consumption of raw oysters, injuries while fishing, being a male
This is how Shigella moves from cell to cell and the cells they translocate through
What is actin polymerization and M cells
The gram stain, morphology, catalase and coagulase results, and hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus Aureus
What is gram positive cocci in clusters, catalase and coagulase positive, with beta hemolytic activity
What is the energy dependency status of R. rickettsii
What is an obligate intracellular
SIRS is defined as having at least 2 of the 4 following criteria
What is fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea or hyperventilation, abnormal white blood cell count or high number of immature neutrophils
Virulence factors present on Shigella
What is a pathogenicity island that encodes for a type III protein secretion system on a large virulence plasmid.
A positive D test is indicative of this
inducible clindamycin resistance, mediated by erm genes from erythromycin
This is an often-fatal complication of RMSF that is present with septic shock
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
This is the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
What is endotoxin release that causes activation of the coagulation cascade. This causes deposition of fibrin in the vasculature causing occlusive thrombi which trigger ischemic events that impair perfusion of vital organs. Consumption of these clotting factors and platelets lead to DIC