Conditional Sentences
What do you do if you feel sick?
If I feel sick I...
This verb tense describes actions that are happening right now.
The present continuous
This modal verb is commonly used to express ability or possibility.
Can
If I hadn't missed the bus, I ____ on time for the meeting.
Would have been
"I am hungry," said Sarah.
Sarah said that she was hungry.
What will you do if you get a puppy for your birthday?
If I get a puppy for my birthday I will...
This verb tense is used for actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.
Past simple
This modal verb is used to give advice or make recommendations.
Should
He ____ been working on his novel all day; he's exhausted.
Must have
"I will visit my grandparents next weekend," Tom said.
Tom said that he would visit his grandparents next weekend.
What would you do if you had unlimited funds to spend on a holiday?
If I had unlimited funds to spend on a holiday I would...
This verb tense is used to describe actions that will be completed before a specific future time.
Future perfect
This modal verb is used to express a future possibility or make a polite request.
Could
She ____ not have eaten so much cake if she knew it would upset her stomach.
Should
"Can you help me with my homework?" she asked.
She asked if I could help her with her homework.
What would you have done if you had known that the surprise party was actually a farewell celebration for your best friend who was moving to another country?
If I had known that the surprise party was actually a farewell celebration for my best friend who was moving to another country I would have...
This verb tense is used to describe actions that started in the past and continue up to the present.
Present perfect continuous
This modal verb is used to indicate a strong obligation or necessity.
Must
If you ____ pay attention during class, you wouldn't understand the lesson now.
Hadn't
"We have been waiting for hours," they complained.
They complained that they had been waiting for hours.
How would your life have been different if you had decided to study abroad during high school, experiencing a new culture and meeting people from all over the world?
If I had decided to study abroad during high school my life would look different because...
This verb tense describes an action that was ongoing in the past and was interrupted by another action.
Past perfect continuous
This modal verb is used to express a hypothetical situation or a wish about the past.
Would have
They ____ have taken the job offer in Paris when they had the chance; now they regret it.
Should have
"I might go to the party if I finish my work," he said.
He said that he might go to the party if he finished his work.