Unit 1
What are polar covalent bonds?
Opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges.
How many parts of the cell are there?
Three
What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
Establishment of a protein gradient.
The genetic material of the cell replicates to prepare for cell division.
Synthesis (S-phase)
What is biodiversity?
Living organisms in a specific place.
What are the elements of life?
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur (CHNOPS)
What is the main function of a cell?
Provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions.
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
The stroma of the chloroplast.
What is a G protein?
A protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane that becomes activated by a receptor protein.
What is a compound?
Composed of two or more different elements.
What is the function of a polymer?
They play a crucial role in living things, providing basic structural materials and participating in vital life processes.
What is the structure of the cell?
The cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm.
Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?
Glycolysis
2 gametes combine to form?
A zygote.
What are covalent bonds?
They are atoms that share electrons to get 8 valence electrons.
What are biological macromolecules made up of?
Made up of single units known as monomers that are joined by covalent bonds to form larger polymers.
Ribosomes use the information from the DNA to make what?
Proteins
Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during?
Both photosynthesis and respiration.
Mitosis produces what kind of daughter cells?
2 genetically identical cells with 46 chromosomes.
What are the properties of water?
It is polar, cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?
The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkage.
What are 2 organelles that contain their own DNA separate from the chromosomes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Reduction of NADP+ occurs during?
The reduction of NADP+ occurs during both photosynthesis and respiration.
Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is considered the restriction point?
G1 Checkpoint
What environmental conditions do not affect the activity of enzymes?
The amount of free energy in the cell.