Important Figures
Revolutionised the Roman Army by including landless plebs
Gaius Marius
In this year, Julius Caesar was assassinated on the Ides of March
44BCE
"Path of Honors"—the sequence of government offices
Cursus Honurum
Lower class representatives, carried power of Veto
Tribune of the Plebs
Battle where Cassius and Brutus are defeated
Battle of Philippi
Dictator in 82 BCE
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Caesar famously crossed Rubicon
49BCE
two main political factions
Optimates and Populares
What kind of reforms did the Gracchi fight for?
Land reform
Final War of the Roman Republic?
Battle of Actium
Known as the "richest man in Rome"
Marcus Licinius Crassus
First Triumvirate formation
60BCE
The "power to command,"
Imperium
massive, slave-run estates
Latifundia
Who proposed that Pompey should be assigned an extraordinary command against the pirates?
tribune Aulus Gabinius
Great nephew of Julius Caesar
Gaius Octavius (Augustus)
27BCE
informal, extra-legal alliance between three men
Triumvirate
Battle where Crassus died?
Battle of Carrhae
200-year period of relative internal peace beginning under Octavian
Pax Romana
Stoic philosopher, senate supporter
Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger)
Battle of Actium
31BCE
Emergency decree, allowed the Senate to bypass civil liberties to "protect the state"
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
Queen of Egypt(including number)
Cleopatra VII
Octavian given this title, meaning "First Citizen"
Princeps